中考汇总 名词 数次 代词.docx

1、中考汇总 名词 数次 代词第一讲 名词一、可数名词的数：单数/复数1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：在单数名词词尾加s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.注：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photophotos, pianopianos.记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero 外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不能吃的加“-s ”以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加e

2、s。如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf shelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives.2、不规则变化：manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep, toothteeth, fishfish, childchildren, oxoxen, goosegeese单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese二、名词作定语 （一般用单数）1. 合成的复数名词一般只加主要名词，多数为后

3、一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers2. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。三名词所有格：1. 名词所有格表示所属关系。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day, my sisters boo

4、k(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper, ten minutes break, Chinas population.(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).注：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s”，如果表示两者分别有，则两者分别加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucys and Lilys fat

5、hers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.四名词作主语时主谓一致问题：1，主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention. (计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold .(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, school等)做句子主语时,1 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式 ；如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：:My family is a big family. When I came in

6、, Toms family were watching TV.3、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)4、people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。6、eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(

7、要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 7、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)8、population一词特殊Whats the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) Three quarters of th

8、e population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人). population的用法：一、population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:The worlds population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。二、当主语是表示人口的百分之几、几分之几时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。三、有时population

9、可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。例如:China has a population of about 1.3 billion. 四、表示人口的多或少,不用much或little,而要用large,big或small。例如:India has a large/big population.印度人口众多。 Singapore has a small population.新加坡人口少。五、询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用How much.?,而用How large.?;在问具体人口时用What.?。例如:-How large is the population of your hometown?

10、 你们家乡有多少人口?五，对可数名词的数量提问用howmany；对不可数名词的数量提问要用howmuch，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用howmany。如：Icanseetwopicturesonthewall.Howmanypicturescanyouseeonthewall？Thereisalotofporkinthebasket.Howmuchporkisthereinthebasket？Iwantthreeglassesofwater.Howmanyglassesofwaterdoyouwant？例句解析：1， I want to buy two shoes. 析英语

11、中glasses眼镜，shoes鞋，trousers裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如：2、误Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.正Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.3、误Im sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me.正Im sorry. I have to go. Toms family a

12、re waiting for me.4、误Please give me two waters.正Please give me two glasses of water.正Please give me two coffees.析物质名词如要加计量时，一定要加量词， 如：two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth 例： Ill tell you

13、 a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee.5、误There is a flowers garden behind my house.正There is a flower garden behind my house.析名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外，还可以用来修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式，如：shoe factory (鞋厂),post office(邮局),evening paper (晚报),night school (夜校),head master (校长),a law sch

14、ool (法律学院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(货车),sports meeting (运动会)。6、误My father is a good cooker.正My father is a good cook.7、误The young is dancing there.正The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词，如：the rich 富人，the poor(穷人),the wise 聪明人，但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词，如：The beautiful is still here.美丽的风景依

15、旧。8、误I want to tell you much pieces of good news.正I want to tell you many pieces of good news.析news为不可数名词，但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词，因量词是可数名词，或可以说I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前作形容词，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.9、误The teacher with five students are coming here.

16、正The teacher with five students is coming here.析要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语，这与连词and有很大的区别，如：The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。10、误Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.正Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.析many a 加可数名词单数，作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式，但其意为许

17、多学生。练习： ( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orang C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to kn

18、ow?A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6. All the _tea

19、chers and_students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl ( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friend C. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He o

20、ften has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holiday C. two-mont

21、h holiday D. two months holidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( )14.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paper C. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.Ho

22、w many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night

23、.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. womans teacher( )21.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs

24、B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs15 ABCBD 610 AACCD1115 CCBDA 1621 BCBCAC第二讲 数词一、分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。1、基数词：（1）表示分数时分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如：one third; two thirds含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)One third of the students are girls. 2)One third of the milk is mine.（2）hundred，thousand, million, dozen等这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们不能加”s”; 反

25、之，通常和of连用则需加”s” ，表示约数. 如：three hundred people; thousands of people.（3）整十的数词的复数用于表示“几十岁”或“年代”，如：in the 1980s, in ones fifties。2、序数词： a. 两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如：thirty-sixth,b. 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如：Im in the third grade.c. 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如：1/5one fifth ; 2/3 two thirds ; 4/7 four sevenths ; 1

26、/2 a half ; 1/4a quarter ; 3/4 three quarters ; 50% fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).二、数词的用法：1、“半”的表达： 1/2half, 半小时half an hour, 1.5小时one and a half hours或one hour and a half. 2、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们

27、把课文读第三遍,好吗？)3、倍数的表示法1）.表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”，由“倍数+thesize（length,amountwidthageheight.）”结构组成。如：Theearthisforty-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.2）表示“比大几倍”，由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+than+被比较部分”结构组成。如： Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.3）.表示“是倍”，由“倍数+as+形容词+as+被比较部分”结构组成。如： Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.4、数词前加every表示每一段

28、时间或者每隔Everyfourdays=everythefourthday中考题集： 1. I think _ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam _ easy.A. three fourths, is B. third four, are C. three fourths, are D. three fourth, are2.I got a good present on my _ birthday. A. nine B. ninth C. the nine D. the ninth3.The number

29、of the students in our school is about nine _. _ of them are boys.A. hundred; Two thirds B. hundred; Two third C. hundreds; Two thirds D. hundreds; Two third1练 习( )1.If you go out at night, youll be able to see _ starts.A. thousands of B. thousand of C. nine thousands of D. thousands( )2.Monday is _

30、 day of the week.A. first B. the first C. the second D. second( )3.Youve done it twice. Why not try _ time? A. third B. the third C. a third D. once( )4.Which is the_ month? Its September.A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety( )5.December is _ of the year.A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth month C. the twelveth months D. twelve months( )6.There are _ floors in the building and he lives on the _ floor.A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenth C. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, f