法律用语中英文对照.docx

1、法律用语中英文对照a fortiori 更加；增强理由时之用词a priori 先验地；从因至果；凭臆断推论ab initio 自始例如法律行为经撤销视之自始无效acceptance 承诺；接受要约；接盘；承盘acceptance of partial performance 契约的部分履行被接受acceptor 承诺人；被要约的人accord 和解accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿accounting for profits 交代帐务accrual of action 诉讼产生acquiescence 默许act 行为；作为action in personam 对人之

2、诉以人为对象之诉，例如请求损害赔偿action in rem 对物之诉对物主张权利之诉讼action 诉讼actual breach 实际违反契约ad idem 主要部分之契合例如契约ad interim 临时；过度的ad respondendum 答辩；辩诉adequate remedy 足够的赔偿adjudication 裁判；宣告大都指破产之宣告advertisement 广告advertisement of auction sale 拍卖广告advocate 出庭辩论之律师affidavit 宣誓书affirmation 确认agent 代理人agreement 协议agreement

3、 to discharge a contract 协议解约allegation 陈述指未经证实者而言；声言；指陈allege 声称；辩称ambiguity 含糊不清anticipatory breach 预先违反契约appeal 上诉appellant 上诉人appellate jurisdiction 上诉审appropriation 拨款arbitration 仲裁arrears 迟延之欠款例如逾期未付之租金arrest of judgment 停止宣判刑事被告在宣告判决前的提出理由声请停止宣判artificial legal person 法律拟制人；法人assignee 受让人assi

4、gnment 转让assignment of contractual rights 契约权益之转让assignor 让与人；转让人assistant 伙计assize of Mort Daucestor 继承土地被占收回诉讼assize of Novel Dissession 土地被占收回诉讼assizes 英国之巡回法庭assumpsit 约定；允诺；口头契约；因违约而生之损害赔偿之诉asylum 精神病院Attorney-General 美国司法部长或各州检察长attorney-at-law 律师美国之称谓，美国无Solicitor及Barrister之区别auction 拍卖auctio

5、n sale 拍卖auctioneer 拍卖人auctioneers request for bids 拍卖人请求投标averment 事实之陈述；主张；辨正；证明bailee 受寄人bailiff 执达员；执达吏；承发吏bailment 寄托bailor 寄托人bankruptcy,adjudication of 破产之宣告bar 禁止；障碍bargaining power 磋商议价能力barrister 律师英国之称谓，或成barrister-at-law,俗称大律师，所以别与solicitorbarter 以物易物beneficial contract of service 有益之服务契

6、约beneficiary 受益人benefit 权益；受益bidder 投标人；竞投人；出价人bilateral contract 双务契约tbill of exchange 汇票bill of lading 载货证券；提货单；提单bill of sale 出售票处binding 具有约束力binding agreement 具有约束力之协议bona fide third party 善意第三人；善意之第三人bona fide 真实的；善意的bookmaking 赌博登记赌注breach of contract 违约；违反契约broker 经济burden 负担burden of proof

7、举证责任business efficacy 商业上的效力by-law(Bye-Laws) 社团或公司之规程；附则canon law 寺院法capacity to contract 订约能力carriage of goods by sea act 海上货物运送条例carrier 运送人causation 因果关系cause of action 诉讼标的；诉之事由；案由；诉讼原因caveat emptor 购者自慎certiorari, writ of 移审令上级法院命令下级法院移送卷宗之公文；移送案件命令chain of causation 因果关系champerty 包揽诉讼chancello

8、r 掌玺大臣chancery 衡平法院chancery,court of 衡平法院参阅supreme court of judicaturechancery division 大法官庭参阅supreme court of judicaturecharging order 扣押产物charter party (charta partita) 佣船人chartered corporation 特许法人charterer 佣船人chattel mortgage 质权cheque 支票cheque book 支票簿chose in action 侵权civil law 民事法；民法；大陆法clear

9、evidence 明显的证据client 律师之当事人co-respondent 共同被告通常指离婚诉讼中被牵涉之奸夫或奸妇code 法典collateral 附属；附属物品commission of lunacy 精神病的鉴定commit a crime 犯罪committal 扣押人身份common intent 共同企图common law 普通法；习惯法common mistake 共同错误common plea ,court of 普通法诉讼法院参阅supreme court of judicaturecommunicates through the post 邮递传达communi

10、cation of acceptance 承诺的传达；承诺的通知complain 陈诉；揭发；告诉complainant 告诉人；陈诉人complaint 控诉；书状；诉之陈述compromise 妥协；和解conciliation 调停；调解；和解concurrent condition 并行条件concurrent jurisdiction 数法院同有管辖者condition 主要条款；重要条款；条件condition precedent 先决条件；停止条件condition subsequent 解除条件conditional agreement 附有条件协议conduct,by 行为c

11、onflict of laws 冲突法；国际私法consensus ad idem 意思一致consequential loss 间接损失；从属损失consideration 契约当事人间相互对待给付；使负担义务者受契约义务之代价；报偿；对价；约因consideration must be sufficient ,but need not be adequate 约因必须有价值，但不必相等consignation 提存consignee 受货人；受托人；收货人consignor 托运人construction 解释contempt 藐视法庭contingent condition 决定性事故c

12、ontingent fee 承办意外事故之诉讼酬金contract 合同；契约contract,quasi 准契约contract for future separation 未来分居契约contract in restraint of marriage 限制婚约的契约contract in unreasonable restraint of trade 不合理的限制贸易契约contract of carriage 运输契约contract of employment 雇用契约contract of service 服务契约或劳务契约contract out of the jurisdicat

13、ion of the courts 剥夺法庭审判权之契约contract prejudicial to the administration of justice 阻碍司法公正之契约contract that is sexually immoral 涉及性犯罪之契约contract that tends to corruption in public life 败坏公共生活之契约contract to commit a crime ,tort or fraud on a third party 犯罪；侵权或欺骗第三者的契约contract uberrimae fidei 完全坦白之契约；老实信

14、用之契约contract for necessaries 必需品契约contract for personal services 个人服务契约contract under seal 加盖印鉴之契约；盖印契约contracts which lack mutuality 缺少相互性之契约contracts which require constant supervision 需要法院不断监管之契约contrary to public policy 违反公共政策contribution 分担conversion 侵占他人之财物coronation 加冕corpus juris 法典corpus juris civilis 罗马民法法典counter-offer 反要约counter-claim 反诉county court 地方法院或可称州中之郡法院，就其管辖之权限而言，相当于地方法院coupon 彩券或赠券court of appeal 上诉法院指经此不能再提起上诉count of common pleas 普通诉讼法庭count of last resort 终审法院指经此不能再提起上诉covenant缔约；承诺c