牛津上海版中考英语专题复习9非谓语及五选四教案.docx

1、牛津上海版中考英语专题复习9非谓语及五选四教案 学科教师辅导教案 课程主题： 17-9-非谓语及五选四 学习目标1.了解动词不定式在句中的成分、用法及否定形式。2.了解动名词在句中的成分、用法。3.掌握不定式与疑问代词、疑问副词连用做宾语的用法。教学内容1.掌握动词时态语态分析以及词转专题分析一.非谓语动词【知识梳理】1.动词不定式的用法1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时往往放在谓语动词的后面，并用it作形式主语。 例：To talk with him is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to talk with him. (1)可以用for

2、sb to do sth来说明不定式表示的动作执行者，即不定式的逻辑主语；某些形容词，如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, polite, clever, wise, foolish, etc.作表语时逻辑主语常用of引起的短语。 例：1t is very important for students to study hard. It is unwise of him to start smoking. =He is unwise to start smoking. (2)常用不定式作主语的句型有：Its difficult (important, necess

3、ary, easy, unnecessary, etc.) for sb to do sth.Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave, etc.) of sb to do sth.2)作表语：不定式做表语常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生的动作。 例：His wish is to become a skillful worker. 注意：主语部分已有动作动词do（不论形式），作表语的不定式前省略to。 例：The only thing I can do now is go

4、on with the experiment all by myself.3)作宾语：常见的直接带to不定式的动词有like, agree, decide, hope, learn, wish, etc. 例：Most of us like to watch football matches. (1)常见的能跟疑问词带to连用的不定式的动词有decide, find out, show, etc. 例：I showed them how to do it. (2)不定式自带补语时it先行 例：We thought it wrong not to tell her the truth. (3)不

5、定式不做介词后面的宾语，但介词except, but, besides除外，注意在这些介词前若有表示动作的动词do（不论形式），作宾语的不定式前省略to。 倒：She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go there. 洼意：有些动词，如hope, wish, agree, pretend, refuse, manage, beg, intend; hesitate,offer, fail, expect, decide, prepare, promise等后面只能用动词不定式作宾语。4)作宾语补足语：句子中的宾语是不定式的逻

6、辑主语。 例：He told me to be here on time. 在动词make, let, have, see, hear, look at, listen to, observe, feel, notice, watch,etc.后，作宾语补足语的不定式要省略“to”，但在被动语态中作主语补足语时必须还原“to。 例：The boss made them work twelve hours a day. I heard Bill sing an American folk song the other day. I saw her come in =She was seen to

7、 come in 注意：有些动词，如hope, suggest, demand, suppose, plan, agree等不能用动词不定式作宾语补足语。5)作定语：不定式作定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。 例：She has got a lot of questions to ask. （1）作定语的不定式与修饰的名词可以是逻辑意义上的主谓关系。 例：He is the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours. （2）作定语的不定式与修饰的名词也可以是逻辑意义上的动宾关系。 例：He

8、 has no house to live in but a lot of work to do. （3）如果不定式的动词为不及物动词，应在动词后面加上适当的介词。 例：He is a nice person to work with.6)作状语：不定式可用作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 例：I started early so as to get there before supper. I opened the door to find the room empty. Im sorry to hear you are not well. 注意：so as to，in order to都是

9、表示目的的不定式短语，so as to不能放在句首，他们的否定式为so as not to/in order not to。 不定式作结果状语常用于“too+adj./adv.+to do”或“adj./adv.+enough+to do”结构。 例：He is strong enough to lift the case.2.动词不定式的否定形式Not+to+动词原形构成；有时也可以用never to do表示否定意义，语气更强。例：We agreed not to lend him any money.He promised never to tell her anything about

10、 this.3.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how，why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语成分。 例：How to use the machine is a question.（不定式作主语） He doesnt know how to use the machine.（不定式作宾语） The question is when to hold the training class.（不定式作表语） She told me where to find her little brother.（不

11、定式作宾语补足语）4.tooto结构常表示否定意义 例：Its too cold to go swimming today.今天天气太冷，不能去游泳。 注意：在以下几种情况下，tooto结构意思是表示肯定，常译作“非常”。 1)tooto与only连用（这时only too=very） 例：Im only too glad to help you.我非常高兴帮助你。 2)形容词willing，pleased，glad，happy，ready，anxious等。 例：The students are too anxious to know the examination results. 学生们

12、非常急切地想知道考试成绩。 3)与not，never连用，表示“太不能不”，“并不太所以能”。 例：She is too wise not to see that她很聪明，不会不明白那件事。 Its never too late to mend亡羊补牢，为时未晚。5.动词不定式有五种不同的主动和被动形式 1) 一般式to do，表示的动作可能与谓语的动作同时发生，也可能在其之后发生。 例：I like to read English every morning. 2)进行式to be doing，表示不定式的动作已在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。 例：He seems to be reading

13、something interesting now. 3)完成式to have done，表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。 例：He seemed to have cleaned his bedroom yesterday. 4)被动式to be done，表示该事情将要被做。 例：The new school in the country is to be built soon. 5)被动完成式to have been done，表示该事情已被做。 例：The sick boy is said to have been sent to hospital already.6.动词不定式的主

14、动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1)在tooto和enoughto结构中，不定式的主动形式可以表示被动意义。 例：The .skirt is too small for me to wear. The room is big enough to live in.2)在there be句型中，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例：There is a lot of work to do. =There is a lot of work to be done.3) easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, pleasant, comfo

15、rtable, exciting dangerous, bitter，light，heavy，good，interesting等描述事物特征的形容词，后面接动词不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，主语常常是物。 例：The picture is pleasant to look at.4)动词不定式作定话时，若其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时，则可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 例：I have a lot of work to do（I是to do的逻辑主语） Give me something to eat(me是to eat的逻辑主语)7.动名词的用法1）作主语 例：Running is

16、 my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语（1）动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth. admit 承认avoid 避免 complete 完成 keep 继续 appreciate 感激,赞赏 consider 认为delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止 fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意

17、miss 想念postpone 推practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对include 包括 stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 例：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? Mr Taylor and his wife enjoy traveling with children. （2）词组后接doing admit to，preferto，be used to，lead to

18、，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，be busy，look forward to(to为介词），no good,no use,Its worth,as well as, cant help,Its no use /good，be tired of ，be fond of，be capable of，be afraid of，be proud of，think of / about，hold off，put off，keep on，insist on，count on / upon ，set about，be successful in，be good

19、at，take up，give up，burst out，prevent from3）作表语Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.8.直击考点（1）只能接to + do的动词有：decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do 有些动词加 to do 作宾语补足语，常见的有： ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth. （2）加 to + do 的重点句型有： It takes sb. some t

20、ime/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱 It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样 Would you like to? （2）后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有： 一感(feel) 二听(hear, listen to) 三让(have, make, let) 四看(watch, see, look at, notice) 半个帮助(help可以带to，也可以省略)改为被动语态时，to要还原。例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.省略to 的

21、情况有： 情态动词后 why not/why dont you would rather than doing (否定式not doing) （3）加 doing做非谓语的动词常考的有： enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth. 加doing的情况有： 介词后 + doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等 feel like + doing (喜欢做某事)/ prefer doing sth. to doi

22、ng sth.(更喜欢) to作介词时的几个常用短语：look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing 既可加to do 也可以加doing，并意思相近的动词有： begin，start, like, love, hate 既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有： forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做) forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了，但是忘了) remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (事情已经做了) regret t

23、o do (对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾 stop to do 停下来去做某事(去做另外一件事情) stop doing 停止做某事 (停止正在做的事情)【例题精讲】例1.He promised_his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see【答案】D例2.Mario likes _ cold hot dogs.A. eatB. eatingC. ateD. is eating【答案】B【分析】B【课堂练习】1._ (repair) my TV set

24、 cost me 100 yuan.【答案】Repairing2.He prefers_ (read) books at home to_ (go) shopping on Sundays.【答案】reading|going3.Thank you for_ (tell) me the news.【答案】telling4.Im looking forward to_ (receive) your letter soon.【答案】receiving5.Lucy told me_ (wait) for her at home.【答案】to wait6.Will you please show me

25、how_ (use) it?【答案】to use7.The boy is old enough_ (dress) himself.【答案】to dress8.Would you like _ (climb) the mountain with me?【答案】to climb9.Is it necessary _ (learn) a foreign language?【答案】to learn10.Would you mind not_ (smoke) here?【答案】smoking11.How long do you practice_ (speak) English every mornin

26、g?【答案】speaking12.Were going to help _ the trees.A. wateredB. wateringC. to wateringD. water【答案】D13.The young man was often seen _ by the lake.A. to drawB. to drawingC. drawD. drew【答案】A14.Who suggested _ it this way?A. doingB. to doC. to be doneD. do【答案】A15.Its no good _ over split milk.A. to cryB. c

27、ryingC. criedD. D【答案】B【分析】B二.五选四【知识梳理】1.题型概述该题型旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，是容易得分的题型之一。2.解题思路和技巧通常情况下五选四是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。基本解题思路通过判断单词的词性、词形和词义，来选择正确的单词。首先判断词性中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，实质是降低了选择的难度。因此在做选词填空的时候，应当先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性筛选出来。通过判断词形确定所填词或短语判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式

28、进行判断，也可以帮助解题： 首先判断词性中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，实质是降低了选择的难度。因此在做选词填空的时候，应当先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性筛选出来。通过判断词形确定所填词或短语判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式进行判断，也可以帮助解题：通过判断词义确定所填词或短语词义判断在选词填空中，也是十分关键的。因此，在中考复习中，需要加强对高频词汇的意义的积累。平时在记忆单词时，要加强英译汉的训练。掌握考纲单词以及词组的中文含义，根据上下文的情境，选择出合适的词语或短语。3.补充归纳常见词性及用法【例题精讲】A.even thoughB.strongC.come outD.r

29、aiseE.connect例1. What do mothers in your country do when a childs tooth falls out? Japanese mothers throw upper teeth under the house, and lower teeth onto the roof. The Japanese think a mouse can eat anything. So they say, Your new tooth will be _ just like a mouses tooth! In Nigeria, mothers hide

30、the tooth. A Nigerian mom says, Mr. Mouse, please do not eat this tooth, or the new tooth will not _ .If you eat this tooth, I will look for you everywhere and kill you. How interesting that people in both Japan and Nigeria _ a baby tooth with a mouse! Its also interesting that these two countries have similar customs _ they are so far apart.A.dangerousB.driversC.betterD.responsiblyE.service Theres new taxi business in Daker, the capital of the African nation of Seneg