每周二十句1.docx

1、每周二十句1201.今天的句子不难，最新的一期经济学人的文章，试着一遍读懂。On August 25th Amazon announced that it would buy Twitch for $970m, an indication of the growing importance of video-streaming websites. Amazon was not the only one interested: a few months ago Google had been rumoured to be on the verge of offering $1 billion f

2、or the firm as well.在8月25日，亚马逊宣布其将花费9.7亿美元收购Twitch，这显示了流媒体视频网站日益增长的重要性。解析：这里的indication作为同位语指代前面的整个句子。很不错的用法，可以用到写作中。亚马逊并不是唯一一家对Twitch感兴趣的公司；数月前，有传闻说谷歌也差点想以10亿美元收购这家公司。解析：重点短语：be on the verge of doing sth. 差点做某事have been rumored to; 据说.200.ANALOGIES change. Once, it was fashionable to describe the b

3、rain as being like the hydraulic systems employed to create pleasing fountains for 17th-century aristocrats gardens. As technology moved on, first the telegraph network and then the telephone exchange became the metaphor of choice. Now it is the turn of the computer. But though the brain-as-computer

4、 is, indeed, only a metaphor, one group of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head. Instead of thinking of brains as being like computers, they wish to make computers more like brains. This way, they believe, humanity will end up not only with a better understanding of how the brain

5、 works, but also with better, smarter computers.词汇突破： Metaphor比喻1. The sentence “one group of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head” most probably means .(A) one group of scientists would like to change the brain as the metaphor of head.(B) one group of scientists would like to ma

6、ke the brain more like a computer.(C) one group of scientists would like to put the metaphor on the brain.(D) one group of scientists would like to design a brain-like computer.（解析就在后面，先别看！）题型识别：词汇题（句子）思路解析：我们寻找的是这个句子的语境含义，因为这个句子本身我们确实读不懂！定位到原文第五句；但是第五句后半句就是题干；第六句以及第七句；第五句和第六句是正关系（they= one group of

7、 scientists）; 第六句和第五句也是正关系；（they=they） 所以正确答案就应该是对于这两句话中某一句的同义替换！所以词汇题一定注意定位！定位！定位！定位！词汇题通常的做法是： 通过正反关系找到包含题干的句子在文章中的对应点和对应句，然后用四个选项与之比对，替换！所以这一题中对应的句子应该是：Instead of thinkingof brains as being like computers, they wish to make computers more likebrains. （他们想使计算机变得更像大脑，而不是将大脑想象成为计算机。）选项分析：AC两个个选项都是对于

8、字面单词的胡乱改写； 选a和c 的同学你们一定要注意不能用选项和题干直接同意替换！这样是危险的！除非你有十足把握你读懂了题干！B选项刚好写反了：不是让大脑更像电脑！D选项是对句子的同意替换。正确！a brain-like computer. 一个像大脑的计算机 在好多地方也写成了：a brain like computer，所以不是你做错的理由。 onegroup of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head的翻译是：但有一批科学家想要将这个比喻给倒过来。 参考译文：对大脑的比喻总是在变。有段时间，人们流行将大脑形容为用

9、来给17世纪贵族的花园带来赏心悦目的喷泉的水力循环系统。随着技术的进步，先是电报网，再是电话交换站，都成为过大脑的喻体。现在轮到计算机了。尽管“计算机般的大脑”其实只是一个比喻而已，但有一批科学家想要将这个比喻给倒过来。他们想使计算机变得更像大脑，而不是将大脑想象成为计算机。他们认为这样不仅最终能使人类更好的了解大脑是如何工作的，还能做出更好，更智能的计算机。199.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.解析： Vanity is a

10、 constant; 虚荣经久不灭。people will start shopping more sustainably.人们会用可持续性的方式购物Only when they cant afford not to （shop sustainably）.当他们负担不起不做某事 也就是：不得不做某事翻译：只有当他们负担不起不用可持续的方式购物的时候。198.These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract

11、matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers-will be at stake, and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic

12、 understanding，a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.词汇突破：1. in a sense 从某种意义上讲What you say is true in a sense. 你的话从某种意义上讲是正确的。In the sense of +短语that+句子 (从下面的意义上讲= 因为)2. disinterested 公正的；无私的；不感兴趣的；不关心的3.Inquiry 询问，探究4. in substantial numbers 大量的5.sexism

13、性别主义（歧视）6.distinctive 独特的，明显的7.at stake 有风险的主干识别：These questions are political这些问题是政治性的问题，其他成分：由in the sense that引导出一个状语从句:状语从句主干：The debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle. 因为，对于这些问题的争论并不是在公正的探

14、究精神的指导下对抽象事务的探究，而是一种学术权力的争斗。状语从句中的定语从句：in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-only now entering the academic profession insubstantial numbers-will be at stake在这种争斗中，很多女性学者（她们很多是现在才大量进入学术圈的）的职业和专业才能都会面临风险，后接一个省略句，这种结构在我们之前的考研难句中是见过的：（with them） the chances for a distinc

15、tive contribution to humanistic understanding （ will be at stake）同时，对她们而言，对于人文学科的理解做出独特贡献的机会也会处于风险之中。最后加一个同位语解释说明前面的contribution：，a contribution +定语从句： that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.而这种贡献可能会对于反对我们社会中的性别歧视主义产生重大的影响。参考译文：这些是政治性的问题，因为，对于这些问题的争论并不是在公正的探究精神的指导下对抽象事务的探

16、究，而是一种学术权力的争斗。在这种争斗中，很多女性学者（她们很多是现在才大量进入学术圈的）职业前途和专业才能都会面临风险。同时，对她们而言，对于人文学科的理解做出独特贡献的机会也会处于风险之中。而这种贡献可能也会极大的影响到社会中对于性别歧视主义的反对。197.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are

17、 slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.词汇突破：dread vt. 害怕，担心；Precise adj. 精确的Whereas conj. 鉴于；然而；反之Perturbation n. 忧虑；不安；烦恼；n. 小的变化主干识别：The physicist rightly dreads precise argument物理学家正当地害怕

18、精确的论断。= 物理学家害怕（做出）精确的论断是正确的。其他成分：since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumpt

19、ions.状语从句微观分析：1. since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,an argument loses all its force 从句中的主干that is convincing only if it is precise 定语从句修饰argumentif the assumptions are slightly changed 状语从句on whi

20、ch it is based 定语从句修饰assumptions, which 指代assumptions ;= the argument is based on assumptions;连在一起翻译，先翻状语从句如果这个论断所基于的假设发生了细微变化的话，那么这个只有在精确的情况下才能有说服力的论断就会失去其全部的说服力。=如果一个只有在精确的情况下才能有说服力的论断所基于的假设发生了细微变化的话，那么这个论断就会失去其全部的说服力解释一下： 由于要先翻状语从句，所以先把定语从句的信息先说了，反正都是修饰同一个argument , 这样可以更通顺，更符合中文习惯。2. whereas an

21、argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.an argument may well be stable 主干that is convincing though imprecise 定语从句under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. .状语（its underlying assumptions= assumptions on whi

22、ch it is based这个替换牛吧！）而一个尽管不精确但是却令人信服的论断，即使在其基于的理论发生轻微变化的时候，依旧是稳定的。参考译文： 物理学家害怕（做出）精确的论断是正确的。因为，如果一个只有在精确的情况下才能有说服力的论断所基于的假设发生了细微变化的话，那么这个论断就会失去其全部的说服力，而一个尽管不精确但是却令人信服的论断，即使在其基于的理论发生轻微变化的时候，依旧是稳定的.今天是我微课送书活动的最后一天，今晚12点前买的同学都会送书；抓紧了哦：）196.Since our chief business with them（年轻人） is to enable them to s

23、hare in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.主干识别：we cannot help considering whether or no + 从句其他成分：Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 状语从句 we are forming the powers 宾语从句which will

24、secure this ability. 定语从句翻译点拨：词汇的处理： chief business首要任务cannot help considering 禁不住会思考a common life 生活中 whether or no 是否 powers力量 状语从句的处理： Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 由于对于年轻人，我们的首要任务是使他们能够在生活中彼此分享，主句的处理： we cannot help considering whether or 我们就禁不住会思

25、考是否 宾语从句： we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 我们在形成能确保这种能力的力量参考译文： 由于对于年轻人，我们的首要任务是使他们能够在生活中彼此分享，这样我们就禁不住会思考我们是否在形成能确保这种能力的力量195.To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary

26、 or cognitive terms.主干识别：Tomight enable us to understand how and what其他成分：To filter out what is unique from what is shared 动词不定式做主语。 how complex cultural behavior arose 宾语从句1 what guides it in evolutionary orcognitive terms 宾语从句2翻译点拨：词汇点拨： filter outfrom从中过滤出 arose 出现 in terms 就角度而言 evolutionary or

27、cognitive 进化和认知 成分的处理： 句子中的某个成分比较长的时候可以将这个成分单独成句。 这里可以先翻译主语为一个句子： 从共有特征中滤出独有特征， 在主语空缺的位置加上“这” 这 mightenable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides itin evolutionary or cognitive terms. 这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，并从进化论或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。参考译文： 从共有特征中滤出独有特征，这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，

28、并从进化论或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。194.原文：That idea does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.选项：Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.请根据原文判断选项是否正确。再来一个题目：例2： 原文： He is no

29、t arguing，as many do，that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.选项： Many believe that logical thinking is necessarily related to the way we talk.请根据原文判断选项是否正确。好好的想一想哦：）如果你能很确定的判断出正确与否，那么你就不用看下面的文字了。这个知识点你已经掌握了。如果有迟疑那么就往下看吧。As 这个词是可以做代词引导定语从句的，在从句中充当主语或者宾语；As we all know, Kevi

30、n is handsome. As做know的宾语，指代后面的句子：Kevin is handsome. As is shown above, there is a hotpot in the middle of the picture.As 做句子的主语，指代后面的句子：there is a hotpot in the middle of the picture.这是最起码的知识点。我们学习了定语从句后就会觉得：嗯，我不怕定语从句了！但是这不是考点，考点是这样的：主句：主语1+观点词（如：think，argue，mean, believe, hold等）+宾语从句定语从句：As + 主语2

31、+观点词 这个时候As只能指代宾语从句！ 这个时候：主语1的观点=主语2的观点记住只能指代宾语从句！这就是考点！为什么？请看下面的情况：主句：主语1+not+观点词（如：think，argue，mean, believe, hold等）+宾语从句定语从句：As + 主语2 +观点词或者 主句：主语1+观点词（如：think，argue，mean, believe, hold等）+宾语从句定语从句：As + 主语2 +not+观点词这个时候As同样也只能指代宾语从句！于是这个时候：主语1的观点 就和 主语2的观点相反了！而且As的翻译也最好翻译为：“但是”这个时候再来看第一个例子：原文：That

32、 idea does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.选项：Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.原文：主句：That idea does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-sc