九年级英语总复习八年级下册78单元九年级上册12单元湘教版知识精讲.docx

1、九年级英语总复习八年级下册78单元九年级上册12单元湘教版知识精讲初三英语总复习：八年级下册（78单元）；九年级上册（12单元）湘教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：总复习：八年级下册（78单元）；九年级上册（12单元）教学过程八年级下册（78单元）语法项目说 明例 句动词不定式（1）动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，有时可不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语，但是仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语to save money 攒钱to sell flowers in the evening 在晚上卖花to sp

2、eak at the meeting 在会上讲话（2）动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。功能例 句作主语Its easy to park because the bicycle needs less space. Its impolite to eat noisily in Cuba. 作表语I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening. Your groups task is to find out the cost to go by train.

3、 作宾语 I want to make hotel reservations. We decide to take the train. 作宾语补足语 Miss Wang asked Kangkang to book the ticket. It can also help some students not to overeat later in the day. 作定语The best way to travel is by train. I have some terrible news to tell you.作状语They organized a show to raise mone

4、y. Lets work in groups to find out the information about the cost. 九年级上册（12单元）语法项目说 明例 句现在完成时态（1）现在完成时态的构成：have/ has过去分词。has用于第三人称单数，have用于其他各种人称。注过去分词的构成：一般在动词后面加“ed”。如：worked, played。以“e”结尾只加“d”。如：liked, loved。辅单字母加“y”结尾的动词，改“y”为“i”“ed”。如：studied, worried。重读闭音节词要双写加“ed”。如stopped。不规则变化动词的过去分词，见九年级上

5、册课本P138140。如：comecome gogoneseeseen saysaidI have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。She has been at the No. 2 Middle School for over 20 years. 她来到二中20多年了。They havent come back yet. 他们还没回来。Have you heard from your friend recently? 你最近收到朋友的来信了吗？（2）现在完成时态的时间副词：already（已经），yet（已经，还），just（刚才），ever（曾经），ne

6、ver（从不），three times（三次），twice（两次），once（一次），since（自从以来），before（在之前），for（一段时间），for three years（三年了），all ones life（一生中），these days（这些天），recently（近来）等。The train has been here for 5 minutes. 火车已经到达5分钟了。语法项目说明例 句现在完成时态（3）现在完成时态的用法：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与非延续性动词连用，如：begin，give，go，meet，see等，并常带不确定的时间状语，如：a

7、lready, yet, once, twice, just, ever, never等等。表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作和状态，通常用延续性动词，如be, work, study, live等，常与表示时间段的状语连用，如：for five minutes, since 1949, how long, all day, all ones life等，也可与表示到目前为止的状语连用，如：so far, up to now, until now等。注非延续性动词不能与for, since, how long等延续性的时间状语连用。例如：他已经到达两小时了：误He has arrived

8、here for two hours. 正He has been here for two hours. 误We have bought a book for two weeks. 正We have had a book for two weeks. 非延续性动词又叫做短暂动词或瞬间动词，例如：come, go, arrive, get to, reach, borrow, lend, begin, start, close, open, die, join, leave等等。How long have you been a teacher? 你当老师多久时间了？Ive been a teac

9、her for 10 years. 我当老师有10年了。He has been here for 10 minutes. 他来到这里已经有10分钟了。Has he visited the country twice? 他访问过那个国家两次了吗？I havent seen you for a long time. 我很久没有看到你了。His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他的祖父已经去世两年了。He has been at the No. 2 Middle School for 15 years. 他来到二中有15年了。 They have bee

10、n in Beijing for 2 hours. 他们到达北京有两个小时了。The film has been on for 3 minutes. 电影已经开始三分钟了。直接引语和间接引语的定义：当我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语，并用引号引起来；用自己的话转述别人的意思时，被转述的部分称为间接引语，不用引号。（1）时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时“Im doing my lessons,” she said. 她说：“我在做功课。”S

11、he said (that) she was doing her lessons. 她说她在做功课。I said to them, “You will be disappointed at the news.” 我告诉他们说：“听到这个消息你们会失望的。”I told them (that) they would be disappointed at the news. 我告诉他们，听到这个消息，他们会失望的。语法项目说 明例 句直接引语和间接引语a. 直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，如与一个具体表示过去的时间（如in 1993, last week等）连用，在变为间接引语时可以不变。My

12、father said to me, “I read the book in 2003.” 我父亲对我说：“我20XX年读了这本书。”My father told me he read the book in 2003. 我父亲告诉我他于20XX年读了这本书。b. 直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，在变为间接引语时时态不变。The geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.” 地理老师对我们说：“地球绕着太阳转。”The geography teacher told us that the earth goes ar

13、ound the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。（2）副词、代词、动词的变化直接引语 间接引语nowthen agobeforetoday that daythis morningthat morning yesterday the day before yesterday morningthe morning beforetomorrow the next day last week/ month the week/ month beforethis week/ monththat week/ monthnext week/ month the next week/ monthh

14、eretherethisthatthesethosecomego “Ill come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said. 他说：“汤姆，今天晚上我再来看你。”He told Tom (that) he would go and see him again that evening.他告诉汤姆那天晚上他再来看他。在句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下，状语有时也可不变。“Ill come here again tomorrow,” she said. 她说：“我明天还要到这里来。”She said (that) shed go there ag

15、ain the next day. 或：She said (that) shed go there again tomorrow. 她说她第二天还要去那里。（3）直接引语为疑问句时的变动当直接引语是疑问句时，除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外，还要注意：间接引语中要用陈述句的语序，先主语，后谓语。She asked, “What is it? Whats going to happen now?” 她问：“那是什么？又要发生什么事了？”She asked what it was and what was going to happen then. 她问那是什么，又要发生什么事了。The boy was wondering, “How does the computer work?”