专题15 完型填空讲备战中考英语二轮复习讲练测原卷版.docx

1、专题15 完型填空讲备战中考英语二轮复习讲练测原卷版备战2017年中考二轮讲练测专题15：完型填空（讲案）一讲考点考点梳理 完形填空是中考英语里面最重点考查情景理解和运用的部分，大部分同学都能够答对一部分然而很难拿到高分甚至全分。为你总结了针对完形填空的做题技巧，各位同学要用心体会，早日练就学霸之剑哦！针对完形填空，有各种多层次、全方位的理解技法，但其中以总体把握法、词语搭配法、语法判定法、语境联想法、举例对比法最为重要。1.快速通读全文,掌握短文大意。快速掌握文中的时间、地点、人物及事件。认真阅读短文开头的第一、二句，及每段的第一句，结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。准确地预测和推断短文的

2、主要意义。2.抓住结构、语意及逻辑三条线索，推断和预测选项。利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。根据词的意义和用法进行选择，重复考虑语境。上下文找线索，上下文找提示。完形填空的文章都是一个意义相关联的语篇，它围绕一个话题论述，在行文中词语重复、替代等现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某个空格所对应

3、的答案很可能就在上下文中重复出现的相关词。所以，可以根据这些词之间的有机联系确定答案。3.要特别注意语法，如单词的各种形式的变化，种类句型的结构等。单词的变化：a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。b.动词的选用，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。c.选择介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。d.选择代词，要注意性、数是否准确。e.选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。f.选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装a.句子的种类包

4、括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等。b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。另外还要注意固定词组、习惯用语、固定句型的积累、同义词的辨析、生活常识的运用以及中西方文化的差异。在选择答案时，可以用择优法和排除法和例举对比法。a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答

5、案。在完形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。填完所有答案后，还应通读一遍全文，对所选的答案进行核实、调整，经过逐句推敲之后，对短文内容的理解更为深刻，这时如果重读全文，有些难解或误解的问题很快就暴露出来，从而也能得到更好的解决。4.选项填完后，通读全文，仔细检查。验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否

6、顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词搭配是否有误。二讲题型题型解析【例题一】 Once again， I was at a new school. was a girl in my class named Paris. That was where the similarities ended. I was tall and she was small. I was one of the in the class while she was the youngest. My hair was thick， short and ugly while hers was long an

7、d beautiful. I couldnt stand her， considering her my . But she wanted to be friends. One day， she invited me over and I said yes I was too to say no. Actually， no one had invited me over to before. But this girl， who wore the latest fashions， wanted to see me. When we got to the she shared with her

8、sister， she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surprise. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. Thats when we that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild . We had a great time

9、 that afternoon. Our jaws (下巴) ached from smiling so much. She me her outfits， which had mostly come from a designer clothing store. The woman who owned it sometimes used her a model for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange. Paris charmed the whole neighborhood. The owners lent her fas

10、hion magazines down the block， the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her free pieces. Soon I was included in her world. We slept over at each others houses and spent every free moment together. Paris， my first real friend since childhood， helped me get through my tough teena

11、ge and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: Your “worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend.1A. So B. NeitherC. Either D. Or2A. oldest B. strongestC. tallestD. smartest 3A. leader B. angle C. hero D. enemy4A. surprised B. satisfied C. stressedD. worried5A. study B. play C. chat D.

12、 sing6A. kitchen B. balcony C. bedroomD. garden7A. talking B. thinking C. shouting D. laughing8A. broke out B. worked outC. took outD. found out 9A. instructionB. imagination C. information D. interest10A. sentB. showedC. provided D. passed11A. for B. with C. as D. by12A. supermarketB. museum C. boo

13、kshop D. community13A. sell B. have C. borrowD. make14A. magic B. naturalC. simpleD. funny15A. weeks B. monthsC. seasonsD. years 【例题二】When we are unfamiliar with something， we may feel nervous and scared. The help of others is a good to help us pull through. I write for a big newspaper， and I wanted

14、 to a story about parachute jumping(跳伞). To make it a realistic as well as exciting ， I decided that I had to make a jump myself _ . Unluckily， Im not good at any ， let alone(更不用说) parachute jumping. My friend Mr. Smith was willing to give me a . He took me to a ground school. The first days include

15、d several hours of instruction but not my first drop from an airplane. For this， I had to wait until the following morning . The next morning， I was taken to the airfield. ， a heavy parachute was put on my back. Then I was asked to make my way to a small plane which had just stopped slowly on the ru

16、nway. Once on board， the plane was soon . I began to feel nervous. As we reached one thousand meters， Harry， my teacher， hooked(钩)a line from my parachute to a steel(钢的) ring inside the plane. The line was to pull my parachute after I jumped. “Get ， Henry，” Harry said. I moved carefully to the door.

17、 I wanted to ， “No， no， no!” But no word came. “Jump!” Harry called . “Jump!” Away from the plane， and down， down I fell， arms stretched(伸直). It worked. All at once I was very happy. Then I felt a quick . My big parachute had opened! It was the best I ever had. I looked down. There were rivers， tree

18、s， fields and houses. I heard the soft sound of the air. This was fun.16A. way B. chance C. idea D. value17A. tell B. write C. read D. copy18A. film B. poem C. story D. program19A. secretly B. instead C. finally D. first20A. sport B. driving C. lesson D. drawing21A. try B. hand C. gift D. suggestion

19、22A. jumping B. journey C. training D. entertainment23A. Besides B. Once C. There D. However24A. slowing B. climbing C. landing D. filling25A. light B. broken C. fixed D. open26A. ready B. up C. on D. away27A. cry B. rest C. laugh D. lie28A. softly B. loudly C. nervously D. excitedly29A. comfort B.

20、wind C. pull D . push30A. failure B. experience C. competition D. danger三讲方法辨析特例答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填,如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的,不必再去逐个考证其余答案.2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定,可按空格位置,从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面,对选项逐项分析试填.排除干扰项,从而确定正确答案.进行核查同时注意以下三点：1上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致.2从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手,看是否符合上下文的逻辑.3段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否

21、连贯.实例点拨请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one o

22、f their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the

23、USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活).1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classes C . schools D. subjects (科目)5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased6. A. for B. of C. to D

24、. from7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful 答题分三步：第一步： 通览全文通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步： 逐项填空本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是一些另一些(泛指)； some.the ot

25、her(s).意思是一些另一些(特指)。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。8. 选D。读报英语习惯说readnewspap

26、ers。9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。10. 选D。末句点题，英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)。第三步： 复读检验将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！四练实题随堂小练1Tuesday, 1st September I had mixed f

27、eelings today, nervous, worried, happy, excited. My went down when Miss Chen, our head teacher, said that Matthew and Beth, two from England, would spend three months with us! I was that I had to speak English so much! But at the end of the school day, I was happier than I thought: the morning with

28、them today was more enjoyable than I expected. Today is the most unforgettable first day I have had! Malthew is fantastic! His English is clearer and easier to listen to than I thought. Another English student, Beth, is the most helpful girl Ivc ever met. There were lots of things to do the first da

29、y. Beth offered to help Miss Chen all the notices. Of course, some of the credit (功劳) should also go to me I translated some of the notices for her. Miss Chen praised us! We finished all the preparations 10 minutes earlier than expected, then Beth and I talked for a while. Matthew sang several Engli

30、sh songs and did some stand-up comedy (单人喜剧表演) at the party. We all him. When the bell rang to the first school day, none of us wanted to leave. When I went back home, I felt happy. I have probably spoken more today than the whole of last year. It was a happy day! I hope our friendship can continue,

31、 even after they have gone back to England!31A. nose B. leg C. heartD. arm32A. boys B. girls C. teachers D. students33A, worried B. pleased C. angry D. sad34A. in . B. by C. at D. on35A. put up B. take up C. set up D. call up36A. when B. because C. unless D. until 37A. protected B. prevented C. praised D. promised38A. begin B. end C. last D. enter39A. words B. Chinese C. stories D. English40A. really B. seldom C. never D. nearly2. Christmas GiftsOn last Christmas Day， ou