大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料.docx

1、大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料（book4）Unit 1 The icy defender 冰雪卫士Words and Expressions1. raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed *The event took place on a raw February morning. 这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。（This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.） 2. launch: vt.1) start Beginnin

2、g in the early 1960s, humans launched probes （探查，研究）to explore other planets. 2) send (sth.) on its course 发射*On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the worlds first artificial satellite, called Sputnik. Collocation: launch an attack (against) 发动进攻 launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动 launch

3、 a company 开一家公司 launch threats at sb. 向某人发出威胁3. efficient: adj. working well, quickly and without waste雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。（It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. ） 4.conquest: n. conquering, defeatHitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple. 1939

4、年德国征服了波兰。（The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.）5.retreat: v. move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。 （ We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat: when they retreat, we pursue.）6. engage: vt.1) begin fighti

5、ng with sb. 他们与敌人交战。（They engaged the enemy.）2) draw into; involve *We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain.3) attract sb.s interest*We failed to engage any active support for our project. 他善良的性情吸引每个人。(His good nature engages everyone.)4) occupy工作占去她很多时间。(Work engages much of her tim

6、e.)Pattern： engage (sb.) in sth. : (cause to) take part in sth. * They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations. * The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation. 7.crucial: adj. very important (followed by to)*Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.

7、增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。(Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.)CF: crucial, critical & decisive 这三个词都是形容词,都有“紧要的, 紧迫的,重要的”之意。crucial意为决定性的、极重要的，指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求，或需求紧急情况或危急转折关头。例如：*We must pay attention to this crucial test. 我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。critical意为决定性的,与crucial相似，但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。在转折

8、关头时比crucial表现出更大的严重性。例如：* The patients condition is critical. 病人情况危急。decisive 意思是决定性的、果断的，只有重要、特殊或决定性效果。例如：* Our air forces were decisive in winning the war. 我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。8. take a gamble: take a risk * The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off. I think

9、 shes taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.）9. press on/ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (used in the pattern: press on/ahead (with sth.)*Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on. 10. bide ones

10、 time: wait patiently for a chance * His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.*He bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship.11. drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously*These compensation cases have already dragg

11、ed on for one year.这个会还要拖多久？(How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?)12. at the cost of: with the loss of *The local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment.比尔为救约翰付出了自己的生命。( Bill saved John at the cost of his own life.)13.catch sb. off guard: take sb. by surprise *Th

12、e invitation to his wedding caught me off guard. The manager didnt know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard. 14. instruct: vt.1) give orders or directions to (sb.) 我奉命在这里等老师来。(Ive been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.) Pattern: instruct sb. to do sth

13、.; instruct sb. That2) teach (sb.) *He instructed family members in nursing techniques.他们教给了我做这项工作的最好办法。(They instructed me in the best ways of doing the job.) Pattern: instruct sb. in/on sth 15. render: vt. cause (sb./sth.) to be in a specified condition (same as make)*He was rendered unconscious b

14、y a blow on the back of the neck.地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。(Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.)16. casualty: n. a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident The precise number of casualties in yesterdays bomb explosion is not known.17. bring to a halt: stop completely Ai

15、r traffic in Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers strike.我们的旅行因风暴而终止。（Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.） 18 offensive: 1. n. aggressive action, attack *The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion. 红军发动全面的军事攻击。 （The Red Army led a massiv

16、e military offensive.） 2. adj. of or about attack; causing offense; unpleasant 这支进攻的军队很快地赢得了阵地。（The offensive troops gained ground quickly.）* My neighbor is really an offensive person. He always plays the piano deep into the night. 19.reckon: v. count; consider; think 许多人认为他是一位伟大的篮球运动员。（Many people

17、reckon him to be a great basketball player.） 常用的搭配：be reckoned with: be taken into consideration All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose. 20. toll: war toll 战争伤亡人数 take a heavy toll 造成重大伤亡（或损失） The earthquake took a heavy toll on several villages. 这次地震给几个村庄造成重大损失。Key to the Exs.P14-

18、17 VocabularyI 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) region 7) declarations 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide ones time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of 2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back

19、 8) get through 3. 1) lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future. 2) has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw material due to the dock workers strike. 3) will /should never get in the way of her career. 4) caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) of the electronic calculator

20、has render the slide rule out of date. 4. 1) (Being) faced with; the occupation; regions 2) crucial to; efficient; to reckon with; weaken; be brought to a halt 3) a heroic; the decisive; turn the tide; siege; by launchingP18 III. Usage 1)fall ill 2) lay dead at home for two weeks 3) dropped dead fro

21、m a heart attack 4) fell asleep 5) marrying young 6) to sit still for longer than a few minutesP19 Comprehensive Exs。1. Text-related 1) invasion 2) stand in the way 3) Conquest 4) catchingoff guard 5) launching 6) declaration 7) campaign 8) drag on 9) reckon with 10) bringing to a halt P20 Translati

22、on1. Sentence translation 1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in (getting) the autumn harvest (in) on the farm. 2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons. 3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is gettin

23、g increasingly desperate. 4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment. 5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2. Passage translation The offens

24、ive had already lasted three days, but we didnt gain much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our ba

25、ttalion decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold winter which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.（book4）Uni

26、t 2 Smart cars Words and Expressionslucrative: adj. producing much money; profitable我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意，赚了些钱。( We made a lucrative business with the American company on rice imports.)approximately: adv. more or less exactly (=The car accident happened at approximately 7:45 a.m.)approximate: adj. fairl

27、y correct or accurate but not completely so*The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building was 900. 大概的时间是三点钟。(The approximate time is three oclock.)eliminate: vt. remove, esp. sb./sth. that is not wanted or needed; get rid of *The police have eliminated all the ot

28、her suspects.她已被取消了参加游泳比赛。(She has been eliminated from the swimming race.)Pattern: eliminate sth. from sth.*Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world one day?in the air: in the earths atmosphere; uncertain, not yet decided*There is a strange smell in the air.我们的计划尚未确定。( Our plans are still in the

29、 air.)start up: begin or begin working, running, happening, etc.玛丽发动引擎，向她的家乡驶去。( Mary started up the engine and drove for her hometown.)alert: 1vt. warn sb. that there may be danger, trouble, etc.Pattern: alert sb. to sth.*The doctor alerted me to the dangers of smoking. 2adj. attentive; watchfulPat

30、tern: be alert to danger*The squirrels are quite alert to dangers.3n. a condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for actionPattern: on the alert*The hunters are on the alert for wolves.monotonous: adj. dull and never changing or varying; constant and boring (=The teachers voice

31、was so monotonous that it sent me to sleep.)我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。( My job in the car factory is rather monotonous.)hazard: n. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage; a danger or risk*There are many serious hazards associated with smoking.穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。 (=There are many hazards in a journey across A

32、frica.) vibrate: v. (cause sth. to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shake (Toms heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house vibrate.)当司机发动了发动机时，公共汽车颤动着。( The bus vibrated when the driver started up the engine.)frequency: n. the rate at which sth. happens or is repeated, usu. measured over a