大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料.docx

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大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料.docx

大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料

(book4)Unit1Theicydefender冰雪卫士

WordsandExpressions

1.raw:

adj.coldandwet;notcooked,refined,processed,organizedoranalyzed

*TheeventtookplaceonarawFebruarymorning.

这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。

(Thiscuttingboardisonlyusedtocutrawmeat.)

2.launch:

vt.

1)start

Beginningintheearly1960s,humanslaunchedprobes(探查,研究)toexploreotherplanets.

2)send(sth.)onitscourse发射

*OnOctober4,1957,Sovietscientistslaunchedtheworld’sfirstartificialsatellite,calledSputnik.

Collocation:

launchanattack(against)发动进攻

launchamassivecampaign发动一场大规模的运动

launchacompany开一家公司

launchthreatsatsb.向某人发出威胁

3.efficient:

adj.workingwell,quicklyandwithoutwaste

雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。

(Itisnotefficienttohirepoorlytrainedworkers.)

4.conquest:

n.conquering,defeat

HitlerbadlymiscalculatedwhenheassumedtheconquestoftheUSSRwouldbesimple.

1939年德国征服了波兰。

(Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.)

5.retreat:

v.movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty

我们采取如下策略:

敌进我退,敌退我追。

(Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:

Whentheenemyadvances,weretreat:

whentheyretreat,wepursue.)

6.engage:

vt.

1)beginfightingwithsb.

他们与敌人交战。

(Theyengagedtheenemy.)

2)drawinto;involve

*Wetriedtoengagehiminourconversation,butinvain.

3)attractsb.’sinterest

*Wefailedtoengageanyactivesupportforourproject.

他善良的性情吸引每个人。

(Hisgoodnatureengageseveryone.)

4)occupy

工作占去她很多时间。

(Workengagesmuchofhertime.)

Pattern:

engage(sb.)insth.:

(causeto)takepartinsth.

*Theyarecurrentlyengagedinlengthytradenegotiations.

*Theteachertriedtoengagetheshyboyinconversation.

7.crucial:

adj.veryimportant(followedbyto)

*Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame.

增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。

(Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicrecovery.)

CF:

crucial,critical&decisive

这三个词都是形容词,都有“紧要的,紧迫的,重要的”之意。

crucial意为决定性的、极重要的,指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求,或需求紧急情况或危急转折关头。

例如:

*Wemustpayattentiontothiscrucialtest.我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。

critical意为决定性的,与crucial相似,但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。

在转折关头时比crucial表现出更大的严重性。

例如:

*Thepatient’sconditioniscritical.病人情况危急。

decisive意思是决定性的、果断的,只有重要、特殊或决定性效果。

例如:

*Ourairforcesweredecisiveinwinningthewar.我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。

8.takeagamble:

takearisk

*Thecompanytookagamblebycuttingthepriceoftheirproducts,anditpaidoff.

Ithinkshe’stakingagambleinvestingallhermoneyinstocks.)

9.presson/ahead:

continuedoingsth.inadeterminedway(usedinthepattern:

presson/ahead(withsth.))

*Ourschoolauthoritiesarekeentopressonwitheducationalreform.

Organizersofthestrikearedeterminedtopresson.

10.bideone’stime:

waitpatientlyforachance

*Hispoliticalrivalsarebidingtheirtimeforanattackonhispolicies.

*HebidedhistimeuntilHarvardUniversityofferedhimaprofessorship.

11.dragon:

moveslowlyandwitheffort;continueendlesslyandtediously

*Thesecompensationcaseshavealreadydraggedonforoneyear.

这个会还要拖多久?

(Howmuchlongeristhemeetinggoingtodragon?

12.atthecostof:

withthelossof

*Thelocalgovernmentdevelopeditseconomybutatthecostofenvironment.

比尔为救约翰付出了自己的生命。

(BillsavedJohnatthecostofhisownlife.)

13.catchsb.offguard:

takesb.bysurprise

*Theinvitationtohisweddingcaughtmeoffguard.

Themanagerdidn’tknowwhattosay.Itwasclearthatmyquestionhadcaughthimoffguard.

14.instruct:

vt.

1)giveordersordirectionsto(sb.)

我奉命在这里等老师来。

(I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntiltheteacherarrives.)

Pattern:

instructsb.todosth.;instructsb.That…

2)teach(sb.)

*Heinstructedfamilymembersinnursingtechniques.

他们教给了我做这项工作的最好办法。

(Theyinstructedmeinthebestwaysofdoingthejob.)

Pattern:

instructsb.in/onsth

15.render:

vt.cause(sb./sth.)tobeinaspecifiedcondition(sameasmake)

*Hewasrenderedunconsciousbyablowonthebackoftheneck.

地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。

(Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake.)

16.casualty:

n.apersonwhoiskilledorinjuredinwarorinanaccident

Theprecisenumberofcasualtiesinyesterday’sbombexplosionisnotknown.

17.bringtoahalt:

stopcompletely

AirtrafficinPolandhadbeenbroughttoahaltbyanairtrafficcontrollers’strike.

我们的旅行因风暴而终止。

(Ourjourneywasbroughttoahaltbyastorm.)

18offensive:

1.n.aggressiveaction,attack

*TheRedArmybroughtitswinteroffensivetoasuccessfulconclusion.

红军发动全面的军事攻击。

(TheRedArmyledamassivemilitaryoffensive.)

2.adj.oforaboutattack;causingoffense;unpleasant

这支进攻的军队很快地赢得了阵地。

(Theoffensivetroopsgainedgroundquickly.)

*Myneighborisreallyanoffensiveperson.Healwaysplaysthepianodeepintothenight.

19.reckon:

v.count;consider;think

许多人认为他是一位伟大的篮球运动员。

(Manypeoplereckonhimtobeagreatbasketballplayer.)

常用的搭配:

bereckonedwith:

betakenintoconsideration

Alltheseproblemshadtobereckonedwithastheyarose.

20.toll:

wartoll战争伤亡人数

takeaheavytoll造成重大伤亡(或损失)

Theearthquaketookaheavytollonseveralvillages.这次地震给几个村庄造成重大损失。

KeytotheExs.

P14-17Vocabulary

I1.1)alliance2)atthecostof3)stroke4)limp5)minus6)region7)declarations8)siege9)raw10)bideone’stime11)havetakentheirtoll12)inthecaseof

2.1)isfacedwith2)getboggeddown3)ispressingon/pressedon4)dragon5)getby6)dineout7)havecutback8)getthrough

3.1)…leadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.

2)…hasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterialduetothedockworkers’strike.

3)…will/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.

4)…caughttheforeignministeroffguard.

5)…oftheelectroniccalculatorhasrendertheslideruleoutofdate.

4.1)(Being)facedwith;theoccupation;regions2)crucialto;efficient;toreckonwith;weaken;bebroughttoahalt3)aheroic;thedecisive;turnthetide;siege;bylaunching

P18III.Usage

1)fallill2)laydeadathomefortwoweeks3)droppeddeadfromaheartattack4)fellasleep5)marryingyoung6)tositstillforlongerthanafewminutes

P19ComprehensiveExs。

1.Text-related1)invasion2)standintheway3)Conquest4)catching…offguard5)launching6)declaration7)campaign8)dragon9)reckonwith10)bringing…toahalt

P20Translation

1.Sentencetranslation

1)Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedin(getting)theautumnharvest(in)onthefarm..

2)Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons.

3)Havingbeenoutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philisgettingincreasinglydesperate.

4)Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgment.

5)Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofpollution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.

2.Passagetranslation

Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwedidn’tgainmuchground.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyatnightandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattaliondecidedtotakeagamble.Luckyenough,thankstotheseverelycoldwinterwhichmadethemarshlandfreezeover,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.

(book4)Unit2Smartcars

WordsandExpressions

lucrative:

adj.producingmuchmoney;profitable

我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意,赚了些钱。

(WemadealucrativebusinesswiththeAmericancompanyonriceimports.)

approximately:

adv.moreorlessexactly

(=Thecaraccidenthappenedatapproximately7:

45a.m.)

approximate:

adj.fairlycorrectoraccuratebutnotcompletelyso

*Theapproximatenumberofdemonstratorsinfrontofthemunicipalofficebuildingwas900.

大概的时间是三点钟。

(Theapproximatetimeisthreeo'clock.)

eliminate:

vt.remove,esp.sb./sth.thatisnotwantedorneeded;getridof

*Thepolicehaveeliminatedalltheothersuspects.

她已被取消了参加游泳比赛。

(Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingrace.)

Pattern:

eliminatesth.fromsth.

*Canweevereliminatehungerfromtheworldoneday?

intheair:

intheearth’satmosphere;uncertain,notyetdecided

*Thereisastrangesmellintheair.

我们的计划尚未确定。

(Ourplansarestillintheair.)

startup:

beginorbeginworking,running,happening,etc.

玛丽发动引擎,向她的家乡驶去。

(Marystarteduptheengineanddroveforherhometown.)

alert:

1.vt.warnsb.thattheremaybedanger,trouble,etc.

Pattern:

alertsb.tosth.

*Thedoctoralertedmetothedangersofsmoking.

2.adj.attentive;watchful

Pattern:

bealerttodanger

*Thesquirrelsarequitealerttodangers.

3.n.aconditionorperiodofheightenedwatchfulnessorpreparationforaction

Pattern:

onthealert

*Thehuntersareonthealertforwolves.

monotonous:

adj.dullandneverchangingorvarying;constantandboring

(=Theteacher’svoicewassomonotonousthatitsentmetosleep.)

我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。

(Myjobinthecarfactoryisrathermonotonous.)

hazard:

n.athingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage;adangerorrisk

*Therearemanyserioushazardsassociatedwithsmoking.

穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。

(=TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.)

vibrate:

v.(causesth.to)moverapidlyandcontinuouslybackwardsandforwards;shake

(Tom’sheavyfootstepsupstairsmadetheoldhousevibrate.)

当司机发动了发动机时,公共汽车颤动着。

(Thebusvibratedwhenthedriverstarteduptheengine.)

frequency:

n.therateatwhichsth.happensorisrepeated,usu.measuredovera

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