大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料.docx
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大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料
(book4)Unit1Theicydefender冰雪卫士
WordsandExpressions
1.raw:
adj.coldandwet;notcooked,refined,processed,organizedoranalyzed
*TheeventtookplaceonarawFebruarymorning.
这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。
(Thiscuttingboardisonlyusedtocutrawmeat.)
2.launch:
vt.
1)start
Beginningintheearly1960s,humanslaunchedprobes(探查,研究)toexploreotherplanets.
2)send(sth.)onitscourse发射
*OnOctober4,1957,Sovietscientistslaunchedtheworld’sfirstartificialsatellite,calledSputnik.
Collocation:
launchanattack(against)发动进攻
launchamassivecampaign发动一场大规模的运动
launchacompany开一家公司
launchthreatsatsb.向某人发出威胁
3.efficient:
adj.workingwell,quicklyandwithoutwaste
雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。
(Itisnotefficienttohirepoorlytrainedworkers.)
4.conquest:
n.conquering,defeat
HitlerbadlymiscalculatedwhenheassumedtheconquestoftheUSSRwouldbesimple.
1939年德国征服了波兰。
(Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.)
5.retreat:
v.movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty
我们采取如下策略:
敌进我退,敌退我追。
(Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:
Whentheenemyadvances,weretreat:
whentheyretreat,wepursue.)
6.engage:
vt.
1)beginfightingwithsb.
他们与敌人交战。
(Theyengagedtheenemy.)
2)drawinto;involve
*Wetriedtoengagehiminourconversation,butinvain.
3)attractsb.’sinterest
*Wefailedtoengageanyactivesupportforourproject.
他善良的性情吸引每个人。
(Hisgoodnatureengageseveryone.)
4)occupy
工作占去她很多时间。
(Workengagesmuchofhertime.)
Pattern:
engage(sb.)insth.:
(causeto)takepartinsth.
*Theyarecurrentlyengagedinlengthytradenegotiations.
*Theteachertriedtoengagetheshyboyinconversation.
7.crucial:
adj.veryimportant(followedbyto)
*Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame.
增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。
(Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicrecovery.)
CF:
crucial,critical&decisive
这三个词都是形容词,都有“紧要的,紧迫的,重要的”之意。
crucial意为决定性的、极重要的,指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求,或需求紧急情况或危急转折关头。
例如:
*Wemustpayattentiontothiscrucialtest.我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。
critical意为决定性的,与crucial相似,但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。
在转折关头时比crucial表现出更大的严重性。
例如:
*Thepatient’sconditioniscritical.病人情况危急。
decisive意思是决定性的、果断的,只有重要、特殊或决定性效果。
例如:
*Ourairforcesweredecisiveinwinningthewar.我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。
8.takeagamble:
takearisk
*Thecompanytookagamblebycuttingthepriceoftheirproducts,anditpaidoff.
Ithinkshe’stakingagambleinvestingallhermoneyinstocks.)
9.presson/ahead:
continuedoingsth.inadeterminedway(usedinthepattern:
presson/ahead(withsth.))
*Ourschoolauthoritiesarekeentopressonwitheducationalreform.
Organizersofthestrikearedeterminedtopresson.
10.bideone’stime:
waitpatientlyforachance
*Hispoliticalrivalsarebidingtheirtimeforanattackonhispolicies.
*HebidedhistimeuntilHarvardUniversityofferedhimaprofessorship.
11.dragon:
moveslowlyandwitheffort;continueendlesslyandtediously
*Thesecompensationcaseshavealreadydraggedonforoneyear.
这个会还要拖多久?
(Howmuchlongeristhemeetinggoingtodragon?
)
12.atthecostof:
withthelossof
*Thelocalgovernmentdevelopeditseconomybutatthecostofenvironment.
比尔为救约翰付出了自己的生命。
(BillsavedJohnatthecostofhisownlife.)
13.catchsb.offguard:
takesb.bysurprise
*Theinvitationtohisweddingcaughtmeoffguard.
Themanagerdidn’tknowwhattosay.Itwasclearthatmyquestionhadcaughthimoffguard.
14.instruct:
vt.
1)giveordersordirectionsto(sb.)
我奉命在这里等老师来。
(I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntiltheteacherarrives.)
Pattern:
instructsb.todosth.;instructsb.That…
2)teach(sb.)
*Heinstructedfamilymembersinnursingtechniques.
他们教给了我做这项工作的最好办法。
(Theyinstructedmeinthebestwaysofdoingthejob.)
Pattern:
instructsb.in/onsth
15.render:
vt.cause(sb./sth.)tobeinaspecifiedcondition(sameasmake)
*Hewasrenderedunconsciousbyablowonthebackoftheneck.
地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。
(Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake.)
16.casualty:
n.apersonwhoiskilledorinjuredinwarorinanaccident
Theprecisenumberofcasualtiesinyesterday’sbombexplosionisnotknown.
17.bringtoahalt:
stopcompletely
AirtrafficinPolandhadbeenbroughttoahaltbyanairtrafficcontrollers’strike.
我们的旅行因风暴而终止。
(Ourjourneywasbroughttoahaltbyastorm.)
18offensive:
1.n.aggressiveaction,attack
*TheRedArmybroughtitswinteroffensivetoasuccessfulconclusion.
红军发动全面的军事攻击。
(TheRedArmyledamassivemilitaryoffensive.)
2.adj.oforaboutattack;causingoffense;unpleasant
这支进攻的军队很快地赢得了阵地。
(Theoffensivetroopsgainedgroundquickly.)
*Myneighborisreallyanoffensiveperson.Healwaysplaysthepianodeepintothenight.
19.reckon:
v.count;consider;think
许多人认为他是一位伟大的篮球运动员。
(Manypeoplereckonhimtobeagreatbasketballplayer.)
常用的搭配:
bereckonedwith:
betakenintoconsideration
Alltheseproblemshadtobereckonedwithastheyarose.
20.toll:
wartoll战争伤亡人数
takeaheavytoll造成重大伤亡(或损失)
Theearthquaketookaheavytollonseveralvillages.这次地震给几个村庄造成重大损失。
KeytotheExs.
P14-17Vocabulary
I1.1)alliance2)atthecostof3)stroke4)limp5)minus6)region7)declarations8)siege9)raw10)bideone’stime11)havetakentheirtoll12)inthecaseof
2.1)isfacedwith2)getboggeddown3)ispressingon/pressedon4)dragon5)getby6)dineout7)havecutback8)getthrough
3.1)…leadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.
2)…hasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterialduetothedockworkers’strike.
3)…will/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.
4)…caughttheforeignministeroffguard.
5)…oftheelectroniccalculatorhasrendertheslideruleoutofdate.
4.1)(Being)facedwith;theoccupation;regions2)crucialto;efficient;toreckonwith;weaken;bebroughttoahalt3)aheroic;thedecisive;turnthetide;siege;bylaunching
P18III.Usage
1)fallill2)laydeadathomefortwoweeks3)droppeddeadfromaheartattack4)fellasleep5)marryingyoung6)tositstillforlongerthanafewminutes
P19ComprehensiveExs。
1.Text-related1)invasion2)standintheway3)Conquest4)catching…offguard5)launching6)declaration7)campaign8)dragon9)reckonwith10)bringing…toahalt
P20Translation
1.Sentencetranslation
1)Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedin(getting)theautumnharvest(in)onthefarm..
2)Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons.
3)Havingbeenoutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philisgettingincreasinglydesperate.
4)Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgment.
5)Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofpollution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.
2.Passagetranslation
Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwedidn’tgainmuchground.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyatnightandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattaliondecidedtotakeagamble.Luckyenough,thankstotheseverelycoldwinterwhichmadethemarshlandfreezeover,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.
(book4)Unit2Smartcars
WordsandExpressions
lucrative:
adj.producingmuchmoney;profitable
我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意,赚了些钱。
(WemadealucrativebusinesswiththeAmericancompanyonriceimports.)
approximately:
adv.moreorlessexactly
(=Thecaraccidenthappenedatapproximately7:
45a.m.)
approximate:
adj.fairlycorrectoraccuratebutnotcompletelyso
*Theapproximatenumberofdemonstratorsinfrontofthemunicipalofficebuildingwas900.
大概的时间是三点钟。
(Theapproximatetimeisthreeo'clock.)
eliminate:
vt.remove,esp.sb./sth.thatisnotwantedorneeded;getridof
*Thepolicehaveeliminatedalltheothersuspects.
她已被取消了参加游泳比赛。
(Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingrace.)
Pattern:
eliminatesth.fromsth.
*Canweevereliminatehungerfromtheworldoneday?
intheair:
intheearth’satmosphere;uncertain,notyetdecided
*Thereisastrangesmellintheair.
我们的计划尚未确定。
(Ourplansarestillintheair.)
startup:
beginorbeginworking,running,happening,etc.
玛丽发动引擎,向她的家乡驶去。
(Marystarteduptheengineanddroveforherhometown.)
alert:
1.vt.warnsb.thattheremaybedanger,trouble,etc.
Pattern:
alertsb.tosth.
*Thedoctoralertedmetothedangersofsmoking.
2.adj.attentive;watchful
Pattern:
bealerttodanger
*Thesquirrelsarequitealerttodangers.
3.n.aconditionorperiodofheightenedwatchfulnessorpreparationforaction
Pattern:
onthealert
*Thehuntersareonthealertforwolves.
monotonous:
adj.dullandneverchangingorvarying;constantandboring
(=Theteacher’svoicewassomonotonousthatitsentmetosleep.)
我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。
(Myjobinthecarfactoryisrathermonotonous.)
hazard:
n.athingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage;adangerorrisk
*Therearemanyserioushazardsassociatedwithsmoking.
穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。
(=TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.)
vibrate:
v.(causesth.to)moverapidlyandcontinuouslybackwardsandforwards;shake
(Tom’sheavyfootstepsupstairsmadetheoldhousevibrate.)
当司机发动了发动机时,公共汽车颤动着。
(Thebusvibratedwhenthedriverstarteduptheengine.)
frequency:
n.therateatwhichsth.happensorisrepeated,usu.measuredovera