Ahaxfmw考研英语长难句20.docx

1、Ahaxfmw考研英语长难句20七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲尘缘，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。乃书于纸上。毕而卧。凄然入梦。乙酉年七月初七。-啸之记。 长难句：1. But , , he cautions , some people may have the idea that once one understands the causes , the cure will rapidly follow . Consider Pasteur , he discovered the c

2、auses of many kinds of infections , but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available .2.The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s , when they discovered that oncogenes , which are cancer -causing genes , are inactive in normal cells .结构剖析：1.这是一个直接引语，包含两个部分，其中第一个句子的主干是some peo

3、ple may have the idea ，后面的that 引导一个同位语从句that once one understands the causes , the cure will rapidly follow ，修饰the idea ；第二个句子是一个例子，说明前一句中some people 的错误观点2.本句的主干是The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s ，第一个逗号之后的when 引导一个定语从句when they discovered ，修饰the early 1970s ; discovered 后面是that

4、 引导的一个宾语从句that oncogenes are inactive in normal cells ，这个宾语从句中的which are cancer-causing genes 是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰oncogenes ，解释oncogenes 的含义。核心词汇:caution 警告；谨慎infection 感染，传染cure 治疗方案，治愈方法available 可以得到的，可用的、可以见到的oncogene （致）癌基因gene 基因inactive 不活跃的，不活动的考研英语词组必备：apart from 除去apeal to 向.上诉；要求，请求，呼吁长难句： 1.Th

5、at concept implies educational opportunity for all children- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity , whether that capacity be small or great .2.In response , schools are modifying their programs , adapting instruction to children who are exceptional

6、 , to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.结构剖析：1.本句的主干在破折号之前，破折号之后的部分解释前面的educational opportunity for all children 的具体内容，其中whether 引导的让步状语从句使用了虚拟语气（在虚拟语气中用be 是美国英语的用法）。to the limits of 的意思是“达到 的极限”。2.本句的主干是schools are modifying their programs ，现在分词结构adapting to ，to （使 适应 ）作状语

7、，其中又包含两个定语从句：who are exceptional （修饰children ）和who cannot profit substantially from regular programs （修饰those ，指children ) ，而第二个定语从句前的to those 是adapting instruction to those 的省略。核心词汇:imply 暗示to the limilts of one s capacity 达到自已潜能的极限in response 作为反应profit from 从.获益modify 改变substantially ，真正地，实质地adap

8、t.to 使 适应考研英语词组必备：and then 而且，其次，于是，然后and yet 可是，然而anything but 除.以为任何事（物），根本不参考译文：1.这一概念暗示所有儿童都应享有教育机会每个儿童，无论自身能力大小，都有权在尽其所能的学习中接受帮助。2.作为反应，学校正在改变课程安排，使学校授课能够适应异常儿童的需要，能够适应那些无法从正常课程中实际获益的儿童的需要。长难句：1. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society s understanding-the kno

9、wledge , hopes , and fears that are passed on to the next generation .2.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens , whatever their special conditions , deserve the opportunity to full

10、y develop their capabilities.结构剖析：1.本句是一个强调句，被强调的部分是in the public schools ；破折号之后的部分the knowledge , hopes , and fears 是understanding （认知）的同位语，后面的that 引导的定语从句修饰the knowledge , hopes , and fears 。2.本句的主干是“The great interest indicates the strong feeling ”，其中主语是the great interest ，后面的in exceptional child

11、ren shown in public education over the past three decades 作the great interest 的定语；宾语是the strong feeling ，后面的that 引导一个同位语从句that all citizens , whatever their special conditions , deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities ，其中whatever their special conditions 修饰all citizens ，作状语，阅读时可以

12、先跳过去。核心词汇:full expression 充分表达pass on to 传递给deserve 应该获得capability 能力；技能考研英语词组必备：along with 和.一道,和.一起and so forth 等等参考译文：1.而且正是在公立学校中我们找到了社会理解的全面体现-传授给下一代的知识、希望和恐惧。2.过去30 年中公共教育对异常儿童所表现出来的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈感受，即所有公民，不管有什么特殊情况，都应该获得充分发展其能力的机会。长难句：1.Numerous other commercial enterprises , from theate

13、rs to magazine publishers , from gas and electric utilities to milk processors , bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers .2. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age . For these children to develop to their full

14、 adult potential , their education must be adapted to those differences .结构剖析：1.本句的主干是Numerous other commercial enterprises bring better and more efficient services ，其中主语和谓语之间有一个很长的补充说明成分：from theaters to magazine publishers , from gas and electric utilities to milk processors ，在开始阅读的时候，可以先跳过去。注意：ga

15、s and elctric utilities 中的utilities 的意思是“公用事业公司”。2.第一个句子的基本结构是Exceptional children are different from ，其中in some significant way （在一些重要的方面）说明different 的体现；第二个句子的前半部分For these children to develop to their full adult potential （要让残疾儿童充分发展自己的潜能）表示目的，作状语。注意：第一句中的exceptional children 在文章开始出现时意思不太明确，但是从文章

16、后半部分可以看出是指“残疾儿童”。核心词汇:numerous 众多的utilities 公用事业（公司或设备）；效用commercial商业的processor 加工厂；处理器exceptional 残疾的，例外的，异常的to one s full potential 达到最大潜能significant重大的，明显的；重要的be adapted to 适应考研英语词组必备：all the time 一直，始终allow for 考虑到参考译文：1.众多的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版社，从燃气和电力公用设备公司到牛奶加工厂，都通过使用计算机给消费者提供更佳、效率更高的服务。2.异常儿童（指残疾

17、儿童）与同龄儿童相比有许多重大的不同。为使这些儿童的全部潜能得到开发，教育必须适应他们的不同需要。长难句：1.This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.2.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most effici

18、ent , allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly . And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns .结构剖析：1.介词结构by Showing 作方式状语，其中showing 后面的which items are being sold 和how fast they are moving 都作showing 的宾语。2.第一个句子的主语是these computers ，谓语是reoord ，后面有两个以an

19、d 连接的宾语从句which hours are busiest 和which employers are the most efficient ，作record 的宾语；逗号之后的分词结构作全句的状语。注意：preferred 作为形容词，意思是“有优先权的”。核心词汇:keep track of 记录，跟上.的进展item 项目，条，条款track 轨迹，跑道personnel 员工，人员，人事staffing 配备工作人员assignment 安排，作业；任务accordingly 相应地，因此identify 识别，鉴别preferred 优先的，更受喜爱的promotional 促销

20、的，推销的；提升的考研英语词组必备：all over again :重头开始，重新all round 处处，周围all the same 仍然，照样本期任务：1.翻译长难句2. 用考研英语词组必备造句参考译文：1.这一信息使商家可以通过显示销售商品的种类和销售速度，从而跟踪记录它们的商品清单。2.与此同时，这些计算机记录哪些时间段是高峰，哪些员工的工作效率最高，进而对人事和人员作出相应的配备。而且计算机也能识别促销活动所要寻找的那些拥有优先权的顾客。长难句:1.For many of us the cashless society , is not on the horizon-its alr

21、eady here .2.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales . They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what,when , and to whom.结构剖析：1.本句的重点在破折号之后its already here （已经到来），注意这一部分与前面否定词not 的呼应。英语中一般使用not （不是） but （而是）结构否定一方面并同时肯定另一方面.2.第一句中的由much more than 的意思是“做的不

22、只是”，说明ring up sales 只是electronic cash registers 工作的一部分；第二句中的who sold what , when , and to who 是介词including 的宾语。核心词汇 :cashless 无现金的，不用现金的horizon 地平线;眼界on the horizon 即将来临的cash register 现金出纳机ring up 记录；打电话more than 不仅仅是a range of 众多的考研英语词组必备：all but :(1)几乎,差一点; (2)除.之外其余都all over :遍及,到处长难句：1. If , on

23、the other hand , producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost , this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers , which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product .2. In the American economy , the concept of private property embraces not

24、 only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights , including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual .结构剖析：1.本句是一个复合句，开始是if 引导的一个条件从句，主语是动名词短语producing more of a commodity ，谓语是results in ，宾语是reducing its cost ；主句的主干是

25、this will tend to increase the supply ，supply 后面的分词结构offered by seller-producers 后置作supply 的定语，而句末的which 引导一个非限定性定语从句，其中which 指的是它前面的整个主句的内容。2.本句的主干为The concept embraces not only but also ，其中but also certain rights 后面的部分including the right to deternune the price of a product or to make a free contra

26、ct with an other private individual 修饰certain rights ，补充说明其范围。核心词汇:commodity 商品lower 降低result in 导致property 财产；性质ownership 所有（权），所有制embrace 包括；接受；拥抱productive resources 生产资料考研英语词组必备：ahead of time 提前all at once 突然，同时，一起参考译文：1.另一方面，如果大量生产某种商品使其成本降低，这就会使销售一生产商提供的供给增加，从而使价格下降，并使更多的消费者能够购买该产品。2.参考译文：在美国经

27、济中，私有财产这一概念不仅包含生产资料的所有权，还包含某些权力，比如产品价格的决定权，以及和其他个人自由签订合同的权利。长难句：1.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers .2. In the American economy , this mechanism is provided by a price system , a process in which

28、 prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.结构剖析：1.本句是一个复合句，其中by 之前的部分为主干，by 之后的部分是一个定语从句，是理解的难点所在，因为中国人一般不习惯阅读带介词的动词词组的被动形式，遇到这类问题时的解决办法是将被动结构（responded to by producers ）转换为主动结构（producers respond to consumer needs ) ，就是说在responded to b

29、y producers 中，作出反应的是producers ，反应所针对的对象是consumer demands 。2.本句的主干是this mechanism is provided by a price system ，后面的a process 是a price system 的同位语，而process 后面的which 引导的是一个定语从句，说明a price system 的具体内容；定语从句的主干是prices rise and fall ，后面的介词结构in response to 作状语，修饰rise and fall ，而in response to 后面带两个宾语：relat

30、ive demands of consumers 和supplies offered by seller - producers 。核心词汇:factor 因素mechanism 机制respond to 对.作出反应in response to 作为对.的反应relative 相对的，比较的考研英语词组必备：after a while 过了一会，不久ahead of 在.前面，先于ahead of schedule 提前本期任务：1.翻译长难句2. 用考研英语词组必备造句长难句：1.The American economic system is organized around a basi

31、cally private-enterprise , market - oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most .2 . Thus , in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes , that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it