How to Use a Lathe.docx

1、How to Use a LatheBasic Operation of a LatheLets Use a Lathe!A lathe is a machine tool which turns cylindrical material, touches a cutting tool to it, and cuts the material. The lathe is one of the machine tools most well used by machining (Figure 1).As shown in Figure 2, a material is firmly fixed

2、to the chuck of a lathe. The lathe is switched on and the chuck is rotated. And since the table which fixed the byte can be moved in the vertical direction, and the right-and-left direction by operating some handles shown in Fig. 3. It touches a bytes tip into the material by the operation, and make

3、 a mechanical part.Fig.1, Appearance of a LatheFig.2, Chucking of MaterialFig.3, Handles of a LatheCAUTIONS!When we use a lathe, the following things must take great care.(1) Dont keep a chuck handle attached by the chuck. Next, it flies at the moment of turning a lathe.(2) Dont touch the byte table

4、 into the rotating chuck. Not only a byte but the table or the lathe are damaged.Three Important ElementsIn orger to get an efficient propcess and beautiful surface at the lathe machining, it is important to adjust a rotating speed, a cutting depth and a sending speed. Please note that the important

5、 elements can not decide easily, because these suitable values are quiet different by materials, size and shapes of the part.Rotating SpeedIt expresses with the number of rotations (rpm) of the chuck of a lathe. When the rotating speed is high, processing speed becomes quick, and a processing surfac

6、e is finely finished. However, since a little operation mistakes may lead to the serious accident, it is better to set low rotating speed at the first stage.Cutting DepthThe cutting depth of the tool affects to the processing speed and the roughness of surface. When the cutting depth is big, the pro

7、cessing speed becomes quick, but the surface temperature becomes high, and it has rough surface. Moreover, a life of byte also becomes short. If you do not know a suitable cutting depth, it is better to set to small value.Sending Speed (Feed)The sending speed of the tool also affects to the processi

8、ng speed and the roughness of surface. When the sending speed is high, the processing speed becomes quick. When the sending speed is low, the surface is finished beautiful. There are manual sending which turns and operates a handle, and automatic sending which advances a byte automatically. A beginn

9、er must use the manual sending. Because serious accidents may be caused, such as touching the rotating chuck around the byte in automatic sending,.Fig.4, Three Important ElementsA beginner of a lathe must operate with low rotating sopeed, small cutting depth and low sending speed.Cutting Tools for L

10、atheThere are vrious kinds of the cutting tools for a lathe. We must choose them by the materials and shape of a part. Three typical cutting tools are introduced in follows. Then we consider what is an easy process or a hard process.Form of Typical Cutting ToolsFigure 5(a) shows the most well-used c

11、utting tool called a side tool. It can process to cut an outside surface and an edge surface. Since the material is set at the right of lathe, then this tool can only cut the right of the material.The cutting tool shown in Figure 5(b) is used at parting and grooving processes. Its pointed end is sli

12、m, then it is too weak. Dont add a strong side-force to the tool. This tool must send vertical direction only.The cutting tool shown in Figure 5(c) is called a boring bar. It is used to cut at an inside surface. It can make a big hole, which cannot be process by a drill, and an high accurate hole.Fi

13、g.5, Typical Cutting ToolsEasy Processing and Hard ProcessingThe general cutting tool, shown in Figure 5(a) is the most easy hangling. Then the shape, which can be make using only the general cutting tool, has easy processing.In the case of the parting or prooving, The process becomes hard with decr

14、easing of the width of a alot, and increasing of the depth.In the case of using of the boring bar, the process of a penetrated hole is not so hard. But the process of no-penetrated hole is somewhat hard. Because we cannot see the bottom surface in during process. In such cases, we decide the locatio

15、n of the tool with the sound or the scale of lathe. Moreover, the process of a small hole (less than 10 mm) or a depth hole is too hard.Of course, there are impossible shapes as shown in Figure 6(c). In such case, the part must be divided or have any contrivances.Fig.6, Easy Processing and Hard ProcessingHearing the SoundIn the case of the lathe process, sharpness is known from scraps of the material or a processing surface. In addition, it is also important to hear the sound. For example, when the sound is too high, the processing is not suitable. It is caused by the bad edge of the tool