托福分类词汇分析解析.docx

1、托福分类词汇分析解析托福分类词汇打印版part 1. 天文类： 1part 2. 地理类： 2part 3. 地质类： 3part 4. 考古，人类 3part 5 生态类 4part 6 气象类 4part 8 物理类 5part 9 数学类 6part 10 农业类 7part 11 动物类 8part 12 植物类 9part 13 政治类 10part 14 教育类 10part 15 音乐类 11part 16 心理类 11part 17 人物类 111 ASTRONOMY astronomy astronomical astronomical observatory astrono

2、mer astrophysics astrology pseudoscience cosmos(universe) cosmology infinite cosmiccosmic radiation cosmic rays celestial celestial body (heavenly body) celestial map (sky atlas) celestial sphere dwarf (dwarf star) quasar constellation galaxy (Milky Way) cluster solar system solar corona solar eclip

3、se solar radiation planet planetoid (asteroid) revolve twinkle naked eye Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto orbit spin satellite lunar meteor meteor shower meteoroid meteorite comet space (outer space) spacecraft (spaceship) spaceman ( astronaut) space suit space shuttle sp

4、ace telescope astronaut star stellar intergalactic interstellar interplanetary asteroid nebula space debris ammonia corona chromosphere photosphere convection zone vacuum infrared ray chondrite absolute magnitude radiation emission high-resolution interferometer 2 GEOGRAPHY geography geographer hemi

5、sphere meridian parallel latitude longitude elevation altitude temperate latitudes horizon equator tropics Arctic Antarctic(Antarctica) expedition time zone topography plain plateau (highland) lowland basin cavern (cave) terrain subterranean ( underground) coastland island continental island volcani

6、c island coral island islet peninsular continent continental shelf ranges valley canyon channel (strait) remote-sensing terrestrial terrestrial heat (geothermal) terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) continental drift sea-floor spreading evaporation salinity ocean bottom sediment tropical temperate f

7、rigid formation frost heaving fieldstone 3 geology geologist crust mantle core continental crust oceanic crust layer (stratum,复数strata) plate fault fault plane fault zone rift (crack; split) disintegration (decomposition) erosion fossil igneous rock sedimentary rock metamorphic rock quartz limestone

8、 marble granite lithogenous lithosphere magma mineral ore deposit platinum silver copper aluminum tin lead zinc nickel mercury sodium gem diamond emerald ruby glacier glacial glacial epoch ( age, period) glacial drift iceberg volcano active volcano extinct volcano dormant volcano eruption crater lav

9、avolcanic volcanic dust volcanic ash earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism) seismic seismology magnitude seismic wave cataclysm 4 anthropologist paleoanthropologist ecological anthropologist psychological anthropologist origin originate ancestor hominid homogeneous tribe clan archeologist excavation exc

10、avate (unearth) ruins remains artifactrelic antique antiquity Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic archaeology anthropology morphology skull cranial 5 ECOLOGY ecologist ecosystem balance (of nature) fauna flora rain forest food chain acid rain greenhouse effect infrared rad

11、iation ozone layer (ozonosphere) ultraviolet radiation pollution pollution control air pollution water pollution noise pollution soil pollution pollution-free pollutant noxious (toxic) fumes waste solid waste sewage (wastewater) sewage purification sewage disposal decibel 6 meteorology meteorologist

12、 forecast (predict) climate atmosphere troposphere current （气）流 vapor 蒸汽 evaporate 蒸发 damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的 humidity 湿度 moisture 潮湿；水分 saturate 饱和 dew 露 frost 霜 fog (mist) smog droplet condense crystal downpour (torrential rain) tempest (storm) drizzle shower hail blizzard (snowstorm) avalanc

13、he (snowslide) precipitation breeze gale whirlwind typhoon hurricane tornado (twister, cyclone) funnel disaster (calamity, catastrophe) devastation submerge drought 7 chemistry chemical property chemical composition chemical agent chemical reaction chemical change chemical bond chemical apparatus su

14、bstance (matter; material) element periodic table hydrogen oxygen nitrogen helium carbon calcium silicon sulfur iodine compound hydrocarbon derivative alchemy petroleum (oil) petroleum products crude oil refinegasoline methane solution dissolve solvent solubility cohesive adhesive atom nucleus elect

15、ron neutron proton molecule particle ion particle accelerator catalysis （复数catalyses） catalyst artificial synthetic synthetic fiber polymer polymerization plastic dye cosmetics 8 PHYSICS physics mechanics thermodynamics acoustics electromagnetism optics dynamics force velocity acceleration equilibri

16、um statics motion inertia gravitation relativity gravity vibration medium (media) frequency wavelength pitch intensity echo resonance sonar ultrasonics electricity static electricity magnetism magnet electromagnet magnetic field electric current direct current (DC) alternating current (AC) electric

17、circuit electric charge electric voltage electric shockelectric appliance conductor insulator semiconductor battery (cell) dry battery storage battery electronics electronic electronic component (part) integrated circuit chip electron tube vacuum tube transistor amplification amplify amplifier oscil

18、lation optical optical fiber lens convex concave microscope telescope magnifier spectrum ultraviolet X rays X Gamma rays infrared rays microwaves dispersion transparent translucent opaque 9 mathematics mathematician arithmetic calculation calculator abacus numeral sum total (sum total) aggregate fra

19、ction decimal digit percentage addition plus subtraction minus multiplication multiplication table multiply time power square division divide algebra quantity equation formula root geometry geometric dimension parallel quadrilateral square area rectangle polygon cube volume sphere circle ellipse (ov

20、al) cone circumference diameter radius triangle angle degree calculus differential calculus integral calculus function probability statistics quantitative qualitative deduction (inference) induction 10 agriculture (farming) agricultural land (soil) soil conservation soil erosion silt clay clod agrar

21、ian pilot (experimental ) harrow( rake) ridge furrowplot （patch）ranch plantation orchard nursery seedbed sickle spade shovel pick tractor cultivate (till) sow(seed) harvest weed irrigate manure(fertilizer) spray insecticide(pesticide) pest rust grain (cereal) granary(grain store) mill wheat corn ric

22、e barley sorghum oats rye millet vegetable horticulture hydroponics greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) cabbage lettuce mustard spinach broccoli cucumber eggplant pepper pumpkin tomato beet carrot radish pea soybean celery garlic leek onion potato peanut sesame cotton husbandry (animal husbandry) pasture

23、 livestock fowl (poultry) cattle buffalo dairy (dairy cattle) dairy farm hay haystack fodder (feed) trough barn(shed) stable cowshed pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) sheepfold (sheep pen) roost (hen house) fish farm aquaculture 11 ANIMAL Darvinism natural selection class order family genus suborder species

24、invertebrate vertebrate aquatic( life) reptile amphibian (amphibious animal) dinosaur bird extinction mammal primates insect antenna (复数 antennae) larva camouflage pest worm hibernate lizard chameleon regeneration turtle beast domesticate predatory (carnivorous ) predator prey scavenger migrate wing

25、 bill beak nest dolphin whale bat gorilla chimpanzee habitat rodent primate plankton mollusk coelenterate shrimp prawn lobster crab clam sponge coral starfish canary chirp squeak porpoise sloth slothful hygiene sanitation parasite moth caterpillar hordes swarms flock community herd bunch beaver mono

26、gamous polygamous polyandrous trapper rhinoceros niche vestige oyster fertilizer larvae tentacle homotherm poikilotherm metabolism baboon breed multiply （reproduce）hatch spawn offspring (young) anatomy appetite creature microbe herbivorous carnivorous omnivorous 12 PLANT botany botanist botanical (b

27、otanic) plant aquatic plant parasite plant root canopy foliage (leaf) leaflet rosette stem stalk leafstalk shoot (sprout ) flower bud petal peel(skin) shell husk trunk branch bough twig bark jungle lawn meadow prairie shrub (bush) cluster fern herb photosynthesis symbiosis wither (shrivel, fade) pol

28、len pollinate pollination cell tissue organ system seeds everlasting orchid pollinate crossbreed shrub sequoia root pressure cohesion-tension bore column symbiotic immunity organism necrosis barren futile carbohydrate (starch) glucose starch fat protein vitamin calorie malnourished nutrition 13 POLITICS constitution legisl