高考英语阅读基础篇.docx

1、高考英语阅读基础篇高一英语阅读80篇（71-80） Passage（071）The temperature of the sun is over 5000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the centerThe sun is so much hotter than the earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the coreIn the core of the sun, t

2、he pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid coreHowever, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zonesStarting at the outside a

3、nd going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the coreThe first three zones are regarded as the suns atmosphereBut since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the sun begins The s

4、uns outermost layer begins about 10000 miles above the visible(可见的) surface and goes outward for millions of milesThis is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse (食) such as the one in February 1979At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used o

5、n cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the suns rays The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moonIts beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipseThe coronas rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike (一束束穗状) rays near t

6、he suns north and south polesThe corona is thickest at the suns equator The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees FahrenheitThe rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planetsBy the time the s

7、uns corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible 1Matter on the sun can exist only in the form of gas because of the suns _ Asize Bage Clocation Dtemperature 2With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned? AHow the Sun evolved BThe structure of the Sun CWhy scientists study th

8、e Sun DThe distance of the Sun from the planets 3All of the following are parts of the suns atmosphere EXCEPT the _ Acorona Bchromosphere Cphotosphere Dcore 4According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become _ Ahotter Bclearer Cthinner Dstronger 5The paragraphs following th

9、e passage most likely discuss which of the following? AThe remaining layers of the sun BThe evolution of the sun to its present form CThe eclipse of February 1979 Passage（072）Having no language, infants cannot be told what they need to learnYet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic s

10、tructure of their native language and will be well on their way to communicative competence (能力)Acquiring (取得) their language is a most impressive intellectual featStudents of how children learn language generally agree that the most remarkable aspect (方面) of this feat is the rapid acquisition of gr

11、ammarNevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slightly more wonderful than their ability to learn wordsIt has been reckoned that the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80000 words, which includes idiomatic expressions an

12、d proper names of people and placesThis vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 yearsFrom the figures, it can be calculated that the average child learns at a rate of about 13 new words per dayClearly a learning process of great complexity goes on at a rapid rate in children 1What is t

13、he main subject of the passage? ALanguage acquisition in children BTeaching languages to children CHow to memorize words DCommunicating with infants 2The underlined word “feat” is closest in meaning to which of the following? Aexperiment Bidea Cactivity Daccomplishment 3The underlined word “reckoned

14、” is closest in meaning to which of the following? Asuspected Bestimated Cproved Dsaid 4The underlined word “which” refers to _ Atheir ability Breading vocabulary Cidiomatic expression Dlearning process 5According to the passage, what is impressive about the way children learn vocabulary? AThey lear

15、n words before they learn grammar BThey learn even very long words CThey learn words very quickly DThey learn the most words in high school Passage（073）Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by

16、humans living more than 10,000 years ago The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatlyOur body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknessesThese new

17、 sicknesses were not known in ancient timesSo they are called “diseases of civilization（文明）”Many cancers（癌） and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes（中风） are examples of such diseases Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol（酒精）or tabacco, pro

18、bably noneAncient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and life today Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animalsThey also ate a lot of fresh wild vegeta

19、bles, and fruitsThey did not use milk and other dairy products（乳制品）, and they made very little use of grainsBut today, we eat a large amount of dairy products and grain foodsWe eat six times more salt than stone-age peopleWe eat more sugarWe eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein（蛋

20、白质）and much less vitamin（维生素）C People today probably do not want to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods 1The people in industrial nations would be much

21、healthier if they ate _ Amore foods as humans living 10,000 years ago did Bas humans living 10,000 years ago ate Cmore kinds of food eaten by people living over 10,000 years ago Dmore of the same kinds of foods eaten by people over 10,000 years ago 2New kinds of sicknesses have been found because _

22、Athe human body has changed compared with human first appeared on earth Bthe way we live has changed a little Cour body cant deal with the changes in life style Dthe way we live today are proper for the human body 3What is the main cause mentioned in the article why people suffer from a lot of new s

23、icknesses? AAncient people did a great deal of physical exercise BPeople today have a lot of alcohol CPeople today have more tobacco DFood is quite different between life today and life in ancient times 4Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of _ Amilk and oth

24、er dairy products Bgrain foods and farm animals Csalt and sugar Dwild animals, fresh wild vegetables and fruits 5From this article, we know that _ are not good to our health Aprotein and vitamin C Bmilk and grain foods Cwild animals, vegetables and fruits Da huge amount of fatty, salty and sweet foo

25、ds Passage（074）Shanghai is the largest city in ChinaAbout eleven million people make their homes in Shanghai and its suburbs（郊区）This enormous（巨大的)city spreads out along the banks of the Huang Pu River, which flows into the mouth of the Yangtze River about fourteen miles north of hereLarge oceangoing

26、 ships travel to Shanghai by way of the Yanggze and the Huang Pu Shanghai was a small, unimportant city until 1842 when China lost a war with Great BritainThe British realized that Shanghai was in an excellent location（位置） to serve as a seaport for the densely（密集） populated Yangtze River PlainThey f

27、orced the Chinese to allow English traders to settle on the wastelands outside the city wallsLater, French, American, and Japanese traders also came to ShanghaiThe foreigners built whole new sections of Shanghai, including homes, stores, factories, and office buildingsThousands of Chinese poured int

28、o Shanghai in search of jobsMost of them settled in the old part of the cityAs time passed, shanghai became one of the busiest seaports in the world 1According to the article, the population inside the city of Shanghai is _ Aeleven million Bless than eleven million Cmore than eleven million Dabout e

29、leven million 2The Huang Pu River is connected with _ at a spot about fourteen miles _ of the city Athe Yangtzenorth Bthe citynorth Cthe mouth of Huang Pu Rivernorth DYangtze Riversouth 3Before 1842, the Yangtze River Plain was _ Avery developed Bdensely populated Cat a war with Great Britain Da sma

30、ll, unimportant city 4The British first settled on the land because _ Athey wanted to build stores here Bthey thought the place was beautiful Cthey realized that it was a very good location for a seaport Dthey wanted to have a war here 5A lot of Chinese came into Shanghai to _ Avisit the city Btrade

31、 with foreigners Cbuild one of the busiest seaports Dlook for jobs Passage（075）In 1986, Willie Mays was paid $ 125,000 to play baseball, but the $ 80,000 a year earned by Babe Ruth, the homerun king of the early 1930s, went a great deal fartherThe two men paid greatly different amounts for federal taxes and consumer goodsread what Dr Lawrence Ritter had to say on this matterDr Ritter is chairman of the department of finance（财政）at New York Universitys graduate school of business “On his $ 80,000 Ruth paid $ 11,50