高考英语阅读基础篇.docx

高考英语阅读基础篇.docx

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高考英语阅读基础篇

高一英语阅读80篇（71--80）

Passage（071）

Thetemperatureofthesunisover5000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter．Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore．Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore．However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved．

Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones．Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore．Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun’satmosphere．Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins．

Thesun’soutermostlayerbeginsabout10000milesabovethevisible（可见的）surfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles．Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclipse（食）suchastheoneinFebruary1979．Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareofthesun’srays．

Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon．Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse．Thecorona’sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike（一束束穗状）raysnearthesun’snorthandsouthpoles．Thecoronaisthickestatthesun’sequator．

Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit．Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets．Bythetimethesun’scoronaraysreachtheEarth,theyareweakandinvisible．

1．Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun’s______．

A．sizeB．ageC．locationD．temperature

2．Withwhattopicisthesecondparagraphmainlyconcerned?

A．HowtheSunevolved．

B．ThestructureoftheSun．

C．WhyscientistsstudytheSun．

D．ThedistanceoftheSunfromtheplanets

3．Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun’satmosphereEXCEPTthe______．

A．coronaB．chromosphereC．photosphereD．core

4．Accordingtothepassage,asthecoronaraysreachtheplanets,theybecome______．

A．hotterB．clearerC．thinnerD．stronger

5．Theparagraphsfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusswhichofthefollowing?

A．Theremaininglayersofthesun．

B．Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform．

C．TheeclipseofFebruary1979．

Passage（072）

Havingnolanguage,infantscannotbetoldwhattheyneedtolearn．Yetbytheageofthreetheywillhavemasteredthebasicstructureoftheirnativelanguageandwillbewellontheirwaytocommunicativecompetence（能力）．Acquiring（取得）theirlanguageisamostimpressiveintellectualfeat．Studentsofhowchildrenlearnlanguagegenerallyagreethatthemostremarkableaspect（方面）ofthisfeatistherapidacquisitionofgrammar．Nevertheless,theabilityofchildrentoconformtogrammaticalrulesisonlyslightlymorewonderfulthantheirabilitytolearnwords．IthasbeenreckonedthattheaveragehighschoolgraduateintheUnitedStateshasareadingvocabularyof80000words,whichincludesidiomaticexpressionsandpropernamesofpeopleandplaces．Thisvocabularymusthavebeenlearnedoveraperiodof16years．Fromthefigures,itcanbecalculatedthattheaveragechildlearnsatarateofabout13newwordsperday．Clearlyalearningprocessofgreatcomplexitygoesonatarapidrateinchildren．

1．Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?

A．Languageacquisitioninchildren．

B．Teachinglanguagestochildren．

C．Howtomemorizewords．

D．Communicatingwithinfants．

2．Theunderlinedword“feat”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

A．experimentB．ideaC．activityD．accomplishment

3．Theunderlinedword“reckoned”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

A．suspectedB．estimatedC．provedD．said

4．Theunderlinedword“which”refersto______．

A．theirabilityB．readingvocabulary

C．idiomaticexpressionD．learningprocess

5．Accordingtothepassage,whatisimpressiveaboutthewaychildrenlearnvocabulary?

A．Theylearnwordsbeforetheylearngrammar．

B．Theylearnevenverylongwords．

C．Theylearnwordsveryquickly．

D．Theylearnthemostwordsinhighschool．

Passage（073）

TwoAmericanscientiststoldthepeopleinindustrialnationsthattheywouldbemuchhealthieriftheyatemoreofthesamekindoffoodseatenbyhumanslivingmorethan10,000yearsago．

Thescientistssaythatthehumanbodyhaschangedverylittlesincehumanfirstappearedonearth,butthewaywelivehaschangedgreatly．Ourbodyhasnotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishasledtonewkindsofsicknesses．Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes．Sotheyarecalled“diseasesofcivilization（文明）”．Manycancers（癌）anddiseasesofthebloodsystem,includingheartattacksandstrokes（中风）areexamplesofsuchdiseases．

Scientistsnotedthatearlystone-agepeopleusedverylittlealcohol（酒精）ortabacco,probablynone．Ancientpeoplealsogotagreatdealofphysicalexercise,butachangeinfoodisoneofthemaindifferencesbetweenlifeinancienttimesandlifetoday．

Stone-agepeoplehuntedwildanimalsfortheirmeat,whichhadmuchlessfatthanfarmanimals．Theyalsoatealotoffreshwildvegetables,andfruits．Theydidnotusemilkandotherdairyproducts（乳制品）,andtheymadeverylittleuseofgrains．Buttoday,weeatalargeamountofdairyproductsandgrainfoods．Weeatsixtimesmoresaltthanstone-agepeople．Weeatmoresugar．Weeattwiceasmuchfatbutonlyonethirdasmuchprotein（蛋白质）andmuchlessvitamin（维生素）C．

Peopletodayprobablydonotwanttoliveaspeoplethousandsofyearsagodid,butscientistssaythatwewouldbemuchhealthierifweateasthoseancientpeopledid,cuttingtheamountoffatty,saltyandsweetfoods．

1．Thepeopleinindustrialnationswouldbemuchhealthieriftheyate______．

A．morefoodsashumansliving10,000yearsagodid

B．ashumansliving10,000yearsagoate

C．morekindsoffoodeatenbypeoplelivingover10,000yearsago

D．moreofthesamekindsoffoodseatenbypeopleover10,000yearsago

2．Newkindsofsicknesseshavebeenfoundbecause______

A．thehumanbodyhaschangedcomparedwithhumanfirstappearedonearth

B．thewaywelivehaschangedalittle

C．ourbodycan’tdealwiththechangesinlifestyle

D．thewaywelivetodayareproperforthehumanbody

3．Whatisthemaincausementionedinthearticlewhypeoplesufferfromalotofnewsicknesses?

A．Ancientpeopledidagreatdealofphysicalexercise．

B．Peopletodayhavealotofalcohol．

C．Peopletodayhavemoretobacco．

D．Foodisquitedifferentbetweenlifetodayandlifeinancienttimes．

4．Stone-agepeopleweremuchhealthierthanpeopletodaybecausetheyatealotof______．

A．milkandotherdairyproducts

B．grainfoodsandfarmanimals

C．saltandsugar

D．wildanimals,freshwildvegetablesandfruits

5．Fromthisarticle,weknowthat______arenotgoodtoourhealth．

A．proteinandvitaminC

B．milkandgrainfoods

C．wildanimals,vegetablesandfruits

D．ahugeamountoffatty,saltyandsweetfoods

Passage（074）

ShanghaiisthelargestcityinChina．AboutelevenmillionpeoplemaketheirhomesinShanghaianditssuburbs（郊区）．Thisenormous（巨大的）cityspreadsoutalongthebanksoftheHuangPuRiver,whichflowsintothemouthoftheYangtzeRiveraboutfourteenmilesnorthofhere．LargeoceangoingshipstraveltoShanghaibywayoftheYanggzeandtheHuangPu．

Shanghaiwasasmall,unimportantcityuntil1842whenChinalostawarwithGreatBritain．TheBritishrealizedthatShanghaiwasinanexcellentlocation（位置）toserveasaseaportforthedensely（密集）populatedYangtzeRiverPlain．TheyforcedtheChinesetoallowEnglishtraderstosettleonthewastelandsoutsidethecitywalls．Later,French,American,andJapanesetradersalsocametoShanghai．TheforeignersbuiltwholenewsectionsofShanghai,includinghomes,stores,factories,andofficebuildings．ThousandsofChinesepouredintoShanghaiinsearchofjobs．Mostofthemsettledintheoldpartofthecity．Astimepassed,shanghaibecameoneofthebusiestseaportsintheworld．

1．Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationinsidethecityofShanghaiis______

A．elevenmillionB．lessthanelevenmillion

C．morethanelevenmillionD．aboutelevenmillion

2．TheHuangPuRiverisconnectedwith______ataspotaboutfourteenmiles______ofthecity．

A．theYangtze……north

B．thecity…north

C．themouthofHuangPuRiver…north

D．YangtzeRiver…south

3．Before1842,theYangtzeRiverPlainwas______．

A．verydeveloped

B．denselypopulated

C．atawarwithGreatBritain

D．asmall,unimportantcity

4．TheBritishfirstsettledonthelandbecause______．

A．theywantedtobuildstoreshere

B．theythoughttheplacewasbeautiful

C．theyrealizedthatitwasaverygoodlocationforaseaport

D．theywantedtohaveawarhere

5．AlotofChinesecameintoShanghaito______．

A．visitthecity

B．tradewithforeigners

C．buildoneofthebusiestseaports

D．lookforjobs

Passage（075）

In1986,WillieMayswaspaid$125,000toplaybaseball,butthe$80,000ayearearnedbyBabeRuth,thehomerunkingoftheearly1930’s,wentagreatdealfarther．Thetwomenpaidgreatlydifferentamountsforfederaltaxesandconsumergoods．readwhatDrLawrenceRitterhadtosayonthismatter．DrRitterischairmanofthedepartmentoffinance（财政）atNewYorkUniversity’sgraduateschoolofbusiness．

“Onhis$80,000Ruthpaid$11,50