六级阅读技巧1.docx

1、六级阅读技巧12007.06Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance

2、in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was

3、found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent

4、. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled

5、 government only as “a necessary evil.”Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995

6、to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eli

7、minated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social

8、conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societ

9、ies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promis

10、e is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an

11、old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.52. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?A) Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy.B) Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness.C) How happiness can be promoted today.D) Wh

12、at lies behind an economic boom.53. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because _.A) public spending hasnt been cut down as expectedB) the government has proved to be a necessary evilC) they are in fear of another Great DepressionD) materialism has run wild in modern society54. Why do p

13、eople feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?A) Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.B) Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.C) The distribution of wealth is uneven between the r5ich and the poor.D) Health care and educational cost h

14、ave somehow gone out of control.55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” (Line 3, Para. 5)?A) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.B) People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.C) People who have little say in American politics.D) Workers who

15、 no longer have secure jobs. 56. What has affluence brought to American society?A) Renewed economic security.B) A sense of self-fulfillment.C) New conflicts and complaints.D) Misery and anti-social behavior.Passage 1概要: 本文在引用Galbraith观点的基础上，探讨了现代社会在物质生活丰富的情况下，人们的幸福程度却下降了的原因。答案及解析52. B. 细节题。根据关键词John

16、 Kenneth Galbraith和The Affluent Society定位到文章首段。Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness?It is a question that dates at least to .The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith因此选B。53. D. 细节题。根据关键词Galbraith和discontented定位到第三段首句。To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and wou

17、ld breed discontent. 原文中的go mad对应选项中的run wild。因此选D。其他选项都于原文不符。54. A. 细节题。根据关键词squeezed定位到第四段句末。People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wants.说明增加的收入无法满足人们更高的物质需求。因此选A。55. D. 词义题。根据关键词Louis Uchitelle 和the disposable American定位到第五段。People regard job stabilit

18、y as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it 说明人们把稳定的工作看做是维持生活标准的一部分，但随着失业人数的增加，人们渐渐丧失了生活的安全感，感到焦虑。因此可推断D是正确答案。56. C. 细节题。根据第六段末句Unfortunately, affluence also creates

19、 new complaints and contradictions.可知，丰富的物质生活给美国民众带来更多的冲突和抱怨。故选C。Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The use of deferential (敬重的) language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of thewoman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents awoman who w

20、ithdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she “treads softly (谨言慎行)in the world,” elevatin

21、g feminine beauty and grace to an art form.Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic (语言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential “womens” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are know as “mens.” This, of course, attracts

22、 considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of womens language. Indeed, we didnt hear about “mens language” until people began to respond to girls appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about th

23、e “corruption” of womens languagewhich of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and moralityand this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media.Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the hi

24、ghly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to “grow into”after all, it is a sign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of ones social relat

25、ions as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older womenin a fashion analogous to little girls use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher talk” or “mother talk” in role play.The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferent

26、ial language is a sure sign of changeof social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the “masculization” of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they

27、 are trying to be “masculine.” Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages

28、, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like “masculine” speech may seem to an adolescent like “liberated” or “hip” speech.57. The first paragraph describes in detail _.A) the standards set for contemporary Japanese womenB) the Conf

29、ucian influence on gender norms in JapanC) the stereotyped role of women in Japanese familiesD) the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow58. What change has been observed in todays young Japanese women?A) They pay less attention to their linguistic behavior.B) The use fewer of the deferenti

30、al linguistic forms.C) They confuse male and female forms of language.D) They employ very strong linguistic expressions.59. How do some people react to womens appropriation of mens language forms as reported in the Japanese media?A) They call for a campaign to stop the defeminization.B) The see it a

31、s an expression of womens sentiment.C) They accept it as a modern trend.D) They express strong disapproval.60. According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in todays young women _.A) may lead to changes in social relationsB) has been true of all past generationsC) is viewed as a

32、sign of their maturityD) is a result of rapid social progress61. The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is _.A) a sure sign of their defeminization and maturationB) an indication of their defiance against social changeC) one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated societyD) an inevitable trend of linguistic development in Japan todayPassage 2概要: 本文主要讨论了日本年轻女性在使用敬语方面的变化、趋势，及其原因。答案及解析57. B. 推断题。文章首段首句总括全段，说明儒家思想对日本女