六级阅读技巧1.docx

六级阅读技巧1.docx

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六级阅读技巧1

2007.06

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youheartherefrainallthetime:

theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?

Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent（富裕的）SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopian（乌托邦式的）possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity（肥胖症）.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?

Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:

thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

A）Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B）Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C）Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D）Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause________.

A）publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B）thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C）theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D）materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

A）Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B）Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C）Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.

D）Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”（Line3,Para.5）?

A）Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B）Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C）PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D）Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

A）Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B）Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C）Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D）Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

Passage1

概要:

本文在引用Galbraith观点的基础上，探讨了现代社会在物质生活丰富的情况下，人们的幸福程度却下降了的原因。

答案及解析

52.B.细节题。

根据关键词JohnKennethGalbraith和TheAffluentSociety定位到文章首段。

Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?

…Itisaquestionthatdatesatleastto...TheAffluent（富裕的）SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith…因此选B。

53.D.细节题。

根据关键词Galbraith和discontented定位到第三段首句。

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.原文中的gomad对应选项中的runwild。

因此选D。

其他选项都于原文不符。

54.A.细节题。

根据关键词squeezed定位到第四段句末。

Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants.说明增加的收入无法满足人们更高的物质需求。

因此选A。

55.D.词义题。

根据关键词LouisUchitelle和thedisposableAmerican定位到第五段。

Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsit…说明人们把稳定的工作看做是维持生活标准的一部分，但随着失业人数的增加，人们渐渐丧失了生活的安全感，感到焦虑。

因此可推断D是正确答案。

56.C.细节题。

根据第六段末句Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.可知，丰富的物质生活给美国民众带来更多的冲突和抱怨。

故选C。

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthe

woman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsa

womanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（谨言慎行）intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（语言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknowas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls’appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguage—whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality—andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone’ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange—ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine.”KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.

57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail________.

A）thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B）theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C）thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D）thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

58.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?

A）Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B）Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C）Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D）Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

59.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

A）Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.

B）Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen’ssentiment.

C）Theyacceptitasamoderntrend.

D）Theyexpressstrongdisapproval.

60.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday’syoungwomen________.

A）mayleadtochangesinsocialrelations

B）hasbeentrueofallpastgenerations

C）isviewedasasignoftheirmaturity

D）isaresultofrapidsocialprogress

61.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis________.

A）asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandmaturation

B）anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstsocialchange

C）oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsociety

D）aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapantoday

Passage2

概要:

本文主要讨论了日本年轻女性在使用敬语方面的变化、趋势，及其原因。

答案及解析

57.B.推断题。

文章首段首句总括全段，说明儒家思想对日本女