中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理 8.docx

1、中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理 8中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）被动语态专题 定义语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 被动语态的时态：“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表： 时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shall be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词现在完成时

2、have/has been+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must. be+过去分词 主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”， 时态不变。第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of Chi

3、na. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by themin the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）1.Bruce writes a letter every week. 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. 3.We grow trees every spring. 4.My mother cleans our room every morning. 补充： S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原

4、间宾语前加上介词to或for 。 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring .用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook 1. Mary gave him some books.He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary.2. Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her fath

5、er. A new bike was bought for her by her father.随堂演练：（1）He gave me a book._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)（2）My father bought me a new bike._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。1.We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us).2.They made me happy. I was made happy (

6、by them).3.He asked me to come here. I was asked to come here (by him)补充：在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）I saw him play football on the playground just now.He was seen to play foot

7、ball on the playground by me.随堂演练：1. We saw them _(play) football. They _ _ _ _ football.2. We often hear her _(sing) in English. She_ often _ _ _ in English.另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。 I can hear him singing. He _ _ _ _. 被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句The photos were taken in Japan. (改为否定句) （改为一般疑问句，并做肯定

8、和否定回答） 被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。My bike was stolen yesterday. (2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。The pen was used by my father. 【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。 被动语态注意点 含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。She took good care of her grandmother.Her grandmother was taken go

9、od care of by her.随堂演练1.People often talk about that film. That film is often talked _.2.He looks after me very well.I _.3. The nurse took good care of the sick man. The sick man _. 4. We should speak to the old people politely. The old people should _politely. 主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)a)某些连系动词

10、: look, smell, taste, feel, sound。主动形式表示被动意义。The music _(听起来) interesting.b)说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）随堂演练1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass _ easily.

11、(容易碎)3. The pen is sold here. It well . (写起来好)4. That book is sold here. It _/_well. (卖得好) (读起来好)5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _well. (洗起来好)6. I like eating the food. And it _ well (吃起来好)7. He _by a car yesterday. Now, his head _(疼)badly.c)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时

12、，通常主动表被动。d)need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。need doing sth = need to be donewant doing sth = want to be done require doing sth = require to be donebe worth doing sth 值得被做某事 My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。我的旧自行车需要修一下。随堂演练My clothes need _ (wash).

13、The book is worth _ (read) twice.The house needs _(repair). 表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to随堂演练1. In summer, leaves _(落下) . 2. His car _(抛锚了)on the way here.3. An accident _(发生) and he _(死了). 4. Great changes _(发生) over the

14、years.5. A big cloud _(出现) when the sun _(消失).6. Our teacher told us the sun _(升起) in the east.二、英语书面表达专项训练2临近毕业，学校在学习小组内开展了初中阶段自评和组评活动，假设你是 Moonlight 小组 的组长，请根据下面表格中的信息和提示，为你的组员 Tommy 进行综合素质的评价，写一 份素质报告NameTommyCharacteristics聪明、大方（各举一例）Hobbies喜欢看书，认为看书有很多好处（请列举2个好处）Honour他在家帮助做家务。在学校和同学相处融洽。上学途中遵守交通规则（举一例）。今年，学校授予了他优秀学生奖（Award for Best S