英语三大从句.docx

1、英语三大从句英语三大从句第十六章 非谓语动词语法专项被动特例补语分词一.非谓语动词的定义： 动词不作谓语用，不定式、分词与动名词。to加原形不定式，词组可做名词、副词、形容词。现在分词和过去分词，相当于副词和形容词。原形加上“ing”，动词具有名词性。【教学目标】 掌握动词不定式的基本构成以及与疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法。 掌握动词不定式作宾语，宾补，状语的用法。 掌握动名词的基本构成与否定形式。 掌握动名词作宾语，宾补，状语的用法。 1.动词不定式构成：一般形式to do否定形式not to do特殊疑问句式what to dohow to do itWhy to do itWhen

2、 to do it2.动词不定式的句法功能 功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. It is not easy for us to speak English. It takes me thirty minutes to walk to school every day.作主语用的不定式，常常用it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day. To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下， 不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。功能例句

3、说明宾语What sports does he like to play? He likes to play basketball. 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 补语 She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class. 在make, let , see, hear, watch等动词后，不定式省略to。 定语Have you got anything to eat. 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I am sorry to trouble you. I went to the library to study

4、English .不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 注意：1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加适当的介词。 I need a room to live in . 2. 不定式作下列动词的宾语。 四个希望两答应，（hope, wish, want, would like, agree, promise）三个要求莫拒绝，( ask, require，demand， refuse) 设法学会做决定，（manage，try, learn, decide）不要假装在选择。pretend choose 告诉命令要开始, ( tell, order

5、, start, begin) 提供鼓励莫迟疑。(offer, encourage) 基础过关1.Granny often tells us water in our daily life. Asave B. saving C. to save D. saves【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 2. -We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. -Really? Will you please show me it. A how to use B. what to use B how can I u

6、se D. what can I use 【解析】句中指怎么用，而从句又要用陈述语气，故选A 3. His parents often encourage him hard. A. work B. working C. to work D. works 【解析】encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 He always encourages me to try my best. 他总是鼓励我要竭尽全力。4.The boy promised_late for school again.A to not be B. not to be Cnot being D. bein

7、g not 【解析】四个希望两答应。promise 后都接to do 作宾语。 肯定形式是：promise to do 否定形式是：promise not to do 5. It took Li Ming an hour_his bike yesterday. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair 【解析】花费句型 it takes sb. some time to do sth. 常考句型，it is adj. for / of sb. to do sth. 两个句型都是动词不定式作主语。 能力提高1.He made some toy

8、s_his little son. Aplease B. to please C. pleasing D. pleased【解析】 有的学生会看到 make 而选择 A。要看后面please his little son 是使他的小儿子开心。因此是表示目的。动词不定式做目的状语的用法。 2.Who do you think youd like_with you, a boy or a girl?Ato let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go【解析】句意：你想让谁跟你一起去，一个男孩还是女孩。 would like to do sth.

9、 let sb. do sth. 都是固定搭配。 3.I cant help_housework at home because I am busy with my homework. A.doing B. to do C. done D. with doing 【解析】同学看到cant help doing禁不住做某事，选择了A. 但根据句意：我在家不能帮忙做家务，因为我忙于做家庭作业。 help (to) do sth. 4. He is too old the box.A.to carry B. carrying C. carry D. carries 【解析】too to 太而不能与s

10、o that如此以至于可以互换。这两个句型是中考常考句型。 5. Tom often makes his little sister , but yesterday he was made_by his sister.Acry, to cry B. to cry , cry C.cry, cry D. to cry, to cry【解析】 make sb. do sth. 是省略to 的不定式的固定用法。 被动语态的时候to 要加回来。He was made to cry by his sister.一感，二听，三让， 四看的被动，let 通常不用于被动语态。 不定式作宾语补足语 tell,

11、ask, want, allow, get, would like, warn ,encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 1.Before going to the History museum, our teacher told us the public rules. Aobey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed 【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 固定表达，答案为B2. We have two rooms , but I cant decide . A. to live , to choose which one B. lived,

12、choose which one C. to live in , which one to choose D. live, which one. 【解析】第一空是动词不定式做定语，不及物动词后的宾语不能省略。第二空是动词不定式的特殊疑问形式是特殊疑问词+to do 结构。所以应该选择C。句意是： 我有两个房间可以住，但是我还没有决定选择哪一个。 3. The teacher told the students any food into the computer room. Anot to bring B. not bring C. dont bring D. bring not 【解析】te

13、ll sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 。 否定结构是tell sb. not to do sth. 不定式的否定结构， not to do sth. 不分家。 所以选择A。 4. At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat on line. A. create B. creates C. creating D. created 【解析】 QQ 和create 之间是被动关系。所以用过去分词表示过去和完成。至少3亿人正在使用QQ，他是由马化腾创建的网上聊天工具。答案是D。省略动词不定式符号to的用法总

14、结口诀是：一感二听三让四观看五词组。一感：feel 二听：hear、listen to 三让：let、have、make 四看：observe、see、watch、notice 五词组，why not, had better, would rather, look at , would/could you please 基础过关1. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her books in the classroom.A read B. reading C. to read 解析 see sb. do sth.和see

15、sb. doing sth.两个表达都可以。在具体的场景中 see sb. doing sth. 表示看到某人正在做某事的瞬间。而题意说的是经常看到某人做某事，所以选 A. 2. -Youd better too much time playing computer games. A. dont spend B. not to spend C. to not spend D. not spend 解析 had better do sth. 最好做某事，固定搭配。否定形式是 had better not do sth. 因此应该选择D. 3. - How do you feel when you

16、 watch the national flag go up? - It makes me very proud. A felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel 解析 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，硬要某人做某事； make sth. adj. 使某物处在什么状态。 make sth. done 让某事被做。 4. Why dont you your teacher for help when you cant finish it by yourself. A. ask ; write, B. to ask, writing C. ask, wri

17、ting D. asking; write【解析】why not do sth.= why dont you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？ 完成实践值得忙，后面都加doing。 所以选择C能力提高1.Youd better _ the book to others. Adont lend B. not to lend C. didnt lend D. not lend 【解析】had better do sth. had better not do sth. 最好做某事，最好不要做某事，的固定搭配。 所以答案D。 2. She is now in great trouble. Lets

18、_ her. Ahelp B. to help C. helping D. helped 【解析】 一感feel，二听 hear, listen to，三让（make, let, have) 四看 see, watch, notice, observe，五词组 why not, had better, would rather, would you please, look at 后面跟动词原形, 所以选择A. 3. My mother made me _ the piano when I was very young. Now, I begin to understand her. Apla

19、y B. to play C. playing D. plays【解析】 三个让，let, have, make sb. do sth. 所以答案为A。4. -What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? - I would rather at home than football. It is too hot outside. Astay, playing B. stay, play C. to stay, to play D. to stay, playing【解析】would rather do sth. than do sth.宁可也

20、不 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁可也不 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 也表示宁可也不。三种表达方式所接的非谓语形式不同。可以互相转化。本题答案为B 5. When I passed the window, I saw some boys TV.AWatched B. watch C. watching D. watches【解析】 see sb. do sth, 和see sb. doing sth. 两个表达从语法上都对，那么我们就要看语境。当我走过窗户的时候，我看到有些男孩正在看电视。所以选择C动名词 功能

21、例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.谓语动词用单数表语His hobby is collecting stamps.多数情况下， 动名词作表语，可转换为做主语。宾语动词的宾语I like playing basketball very much.表示一般的习惯或抽象的行为或经常的动作。介词的宾语Stamps are used for sending letters.定语She is in the reading room.We should improve our teaching methods.只表示它所修饰的词的用途，所属关系等，用在

22、所修饰的词之前动名词的常见用法 1.表示在室内完成的动作行为，常用 “ do + some/any/the + v-ing 结构.这类词组有: do some cooking /cleaning/ reading/ speaking/ sewing/ shopping/washing做饭/ 扫除/ 读书/ 说话/做针线活/ 买东西/ 洗衣服. 2.表示在室外完成的动作行为, 通常用 “go + v.-ing”结构。 常见的词组有： go fishing/ swimming/skating/climbing/walking/dancing/shopping去钓鱼/ 游泳/ 滑冰/爬山/散步/ 跳

23、舞/购物. 3.在enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, be worth, have fun, have trouble/problem(in), spend, feel like, be used to等。 及 practice 等动词的后面， 不能接不定式，而是接v.-ing 形式. 我们可以按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词： 完成实践值得忙（ finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃 ( keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想 ( consider, suggest, cant hel

24、p, feel like) 喜欢思念要介意 ( enjoy, miss, mind) 基础过关1、 -When shall we take a walk? - After I finish the dishes.A. wash, B. washing C. washed D. to wash.【解析】我们什么时候散步，等我洗完盘子。 Finish doing是固定搭配。我们的口诀是完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 2. -Have you ever seen the TV play My ugly Mother? - Yes, its w

25、ell worth_. Its_ moving that Ive seen it twice. A. seeing, too, B. to see, enough C. seeing, so D. to see, such 解析 完成实践值得忙 。be worth doing sth. 值得做某事。 so + adj, adv+ that Such + n. + that 如此 以至于3.Peter is busy at school, but he never forgets exercise every day.A. working; doing B. working, to do C.

26、at wok, doing D. to work, doing 解析 忙于做某事，be busy doing sth. 固定用法。forget to do 忘记去做某事。Forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。Peter 忙于学习，但是他从没忘记每天去做运动。 4. He saw a little boy on the truck when he got off the car.A.played B. to play C. playing D. is playing 解析 一感，二听，四看可跟doing. How /what about doing sth. feel like do

27、ing sth, give up doing sth. 这些词和词组后面跟doing. See sb. do sth. 是看到了动作的全过程。See sb. doing sth. 只看到了一个片断。When he got off the car. 是一个时间点，所以看到的是片断 。 答案为C .5.- we make it half past seven? -What about it a little earlier.A.Shall, making B. Shall, to make C. Will, making D. will ; to make 【解析】what about doing

28、 sth. 做事怎么样。选择A 能力提高1、 good care of the vegetables can make them grow better. A. Taking B. take C. Took D. takes 【解析】动名词和动词不定式可以作主语。动词原形不能做主语。很多学生在做题的时候会犯这种错误。动名词和动词不定式作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数。 所以选择A。 2、“we cant go out in this weather.” said Bob. out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. Having lo

29、oked 【解析】 动名词可以做伴随状语。因此选择A。 方法规律有些动词或词组后接动名词或动词不定式均可，但意义稍有差别 stop to do 停下来做某事（重点在于：开始做某事）stop doing 停止做某事remember to do 记住要做某事remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（未发生）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已发生）try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事go on to do sth. 开始做一件新事go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事allo

30、w doing sth. 允许做某事allow to do sth. 允许某人做某事 【记忆口诀】想要忘记forget 却又不得不记起remember 。想要停下stop 来却又偏偏继续go on 。不允许allow自己沉沦要努力try忘记你基础提高1.- Dont forget my parents when you are in Beijing. - OK!, I wont. Ato see B. sees C. seeing 【解析】forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事。所以选择A2. Mr. Brown asked us to stop , and we stopped him at once. Atalking, to listen B. to talk , to listen C. talking, listening D. to talk ; listen 【解析】布朗先生要求我们停止说话，我们停下来开始听他说话。Stop doing sth. 停止做某事. Stop to do sth. 重