初中英语 非谓语动词课件.docx

1、初中英语 非谓语动词课件第8讲:非谓语动词之不定式不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密，本不该拆开来讲，可是篇幅有限，只能让他们分开了。不定式的构成非常简单，是to+动词原形。当然，to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢 Listen to me carefully.不定式省to有四种情况：使役动词 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 让他走!would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。Why. / why not.后

2、。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 哟！ 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night.不定式的特殊用法：It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得

3、头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语it代替，而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如find，think，believe 等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑问代词或副

4、词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：I dont know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remembertoo.to.和enough.to：too.to表达太 . 一致于不能.。enough . to 表达 足以.。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说，他的年龄足够上学了。记住这两个句子就可以举一反三，应用自如。第8讲:非谓语动词之分词现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在

5、分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。表示伴随1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。补充说明【例】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning

6、of a new word.The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的

7、关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。【例】 Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we dont have enough hands)Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their mode

8、rnization._the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)A) Having believedB) BelievingC) BelievedD) Being believed本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CE

9、T-4 1995, 6)A) performingB) performedC) to be performedD) being performed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B._as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published2)“while ( when, once, until, if , thoug

10、h等连词)分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。【例如】When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.2. 分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该

11、动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。【例如】This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.More and more developing countries established strategic partn

12、ership with developed countries.The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.3. 分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。【例如】On the top

13、 of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village. The boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.We should not leave him wondering what he should do.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.I caught him doing something else in class.4. 过

14、去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。【例如】You should keep her informed of what is going on here.I expected you well prepared for the examination.在动词see, hear

15、, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。【例】I saw Mr. White get off a bus. I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 5. 分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。【例】The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it. His respon