中科院英语听说教程《轻松听轻松说》上册听力原文及答案Unit 1.docx

1、中科院英语听说教程轻松听轻松说上册听力原文及答案Unit 1UNIT 1Its Nice to Know You!Introductions and Conversation StartersIntroduction In many situations, American people introduce themselves using their first names, and prefer that others call them by their first names. But British people and older people in either country,

2、 may be more formal, preferring to be introduced and called by their title and last name. Often when there is a difference in status or age between two individuals, formal titles and last names are used unless the person of lower status is told to use the first name. For example: M: Hello, my name i

3、s Bob Thomas. W: Its nice to meet you, Mr. Thomas. M: Please, just call me Bob. In informal introductions there is a tendency to reduce status difference by using first names. In more formal situations, the title along with the last name is appropriate. For example, when a student introduces herself

4、 to a university professor, she might say: “Hello, Dr. McCarrick. My name is Susan Hall. I would like to ask you about your course.”Answers to the Questions:1. Formal titles and last names are used. For example, Mr., Ms., Dr. and so on.2. The use of first names. For example, Bob, Tom and so on.Discu

5、ssion Questions:1. How do Chinese people make formal introductions and address people of higher status?2. When speaking Chinese, how do you make informal introductions?3. When meeting and speaking with someone of the same status, would you use formal terms? In Chinese? In English?Background Informat

6、ion:Use of Titles in Introductions Usually, a title cannot be combined with a given name. So forms such as Mr. Michael, or Miss Helen are normally unacceptable. The use of the honorary title Sir with a mans given name is an exception.e.g. Frederick CatherwoodSir FrederickElizabeth CatherwoodLady Cat

7、herwood.In fact, there is an increasing tendency among Western young people to use their given name in all but the most formal situations.In Britain, teachers are normally addressed as follows:Primary school: Sir/Miss or Title + surnameSecondary school: Title + Surname or Sir/Miss.University or Coll

8、ege: Title + Surname or given name.Rules to Go By in Interpersonal CommunicationsGenerally, one may be introduced by others or make self-introduction at the first meet. No matter being introduced or making self-introduction, the way should be natural and not precipitate. When introducing a person, y

9、ou should gesture politely by hand. Pointing with fingers is not acceptable. There are sequences in introduction. You should introduce the young or people in low rank to the old or people in high rank; men should be introduced to women. When doing introduction all people should stand up except women

10、 and the elder. However this might be neglected at table. The introduced could just give some indication like smile or nod.Handshaking is etiquette when meeting or parting in most countries. On social occasions, handshake is not unusual. Generally, handshake happens at meeting and introducing. Usual

11、ly make a hold without effort. However the young or people in low rank should go forward to show respect to the old or people in high rank. Men only hold the finger part of women. There are sequences in handshake too. Hosts, the old, people in high rank and women should offer their hands first. Gues

12、ts, the young and people in low rank greet first then wait for hands of their counterparts then hold them. Do not intercross while many people handshake at the same time. Wait till others finish their handshake. Men should take off their gloves and hats before handshake (according to western custom,

13、 people in high rank or women might handshake with gloves). When attending large-scale activity, for there are too many people, you could handshake with the hosts and greet others with nodding, instead of handshaking. Soldiers with hat should raise their hands then handshake. You should look at your

14、 partner not others with smile. Some people from Buddhist countries in South and East Asia do not handshake, instead they close their hands to greet others. However we do not do this except we are treated this way.When meeting acquaintances from distance in public places, generally you may raise you

15、r right hand to greet and nod. Hand-kissing and going down to ones knees are the ancient European etiquette, not often used at present but still possible.Eye Contact and Handshaking in IntroductionsDirect eye contact and firm hand shakes during introductions are customary in the United States. In in

16、troductions as well as in general conversations, speakers maintain frequent eye contact. Most people become nervous if frequent eye contact turns into direct staring. When shaking hands, people shake firmly and briefly. The expression, “He shakes hands like a dead fish” refers to a limp handshake, a sign in the American culture of a weak character. Prolonged handshaking is not usual.Problems can arise when these cu