1、届高三英语二轮复习名词 教案名词适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域人教版课时时长(分钟)2课时知识点名词的数名词的格名词直接作定语国家名词的正确使用单位名词的搭配名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等;time及常考点教学目标知识:1、高考名词的数和格2、名词直接作定语;国家名词的正确使用;单位名词的搭配方法:结合实例,掌握名词的用法教学重点1、掌握高考名词的数和格2、掌握高考名词正确的解题方法教学难点1、掌握高考名词的用法2、掌握高考正确的解题方法教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点, (以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑二、知识讲解
2、考点/易错点1 名词的数 名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。 1、可数名词单数变复数: 一般加s :lesson lessons, pen pens 以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero heroes但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo kilos, piano pianos, radio radios, photo photos, zoo zoos 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city cities, story stories
3、 以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife knives, leaf leaves但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief beliefs, roof roofs, safe(保险箱) safes, proof(证据) proofs, chief chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况: 单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep 不规则变化:man men, woman women, goose geese, foot fee
4、t, tooth teeth, child children, mouse mice, ox oxen 。但是,German Germans 复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law daughters-in-law, grown-up grown-ups, woman teacher women teachers, man driver men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题 物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steel
5、s各种钢材。 物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如:a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。 有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如:work(工作) works(著作),arm(手臂) arms(军火),glass(玻璃) glasses(眼镜),cloth(布) clothes(衣服)。 定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓的人。如:the Wangs王家,three Wangs三个姓王的。 只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如:physics, math
6、ematics, news, the United States 有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。如:police, people, cattle 有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。如:class, family, couple, audience, government, public 有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。表示特指时,可和定冠词连用;表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可和不定冠词连用。如:How did you smooth away the difficulties?(指各种具体困难);It is a great pleasure
7、to talk with you.;What a surprise!考点/易错点2 名词的所有格 名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“”或“s”。如:Toms bike, Engless (Engles) works, a works school, Womens Day, the editor-in-chiefs office2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“s”,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“s”。如:Tom and Mikes room.(共有),Toms and Mikes books.(不共有)。3、表示时间
8、、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“s”或“”表示所有格,如:todays papers, ten minutes walk4、表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去shop, house, home。如:the tailors5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。如:the window of the room6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。如:the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个,双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词,这个名
9、词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般只能用双重所有格。如:an old friend of my uncles, a daughter of Mrs. Greens, the house of one of my friends考点/易错点3 名词的普通格作定语 表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。e.g. stone figures(石像);paper money(纸币);country music(乡村音乐);table cloth(桌布);river bank(河岸);school gate(校门
10、口);book stores(书店);traffic lights(交通灯);summer holidays(暑假);evening dress(晚礼服)。但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。e.g. sports meet(运动会);the United States government(美国政府);students reading-room(学生阅览室);goods train(货车);two men doctors(两个男医生)。三、例题精析【例题1】Im planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no because
11、 it depends on the weather. A. promises B. guarantees C. progress D. Decisions.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意: 我计划在露天(场所)举行宴会, 但是我不敢保证, 因为这要取决于天气。promise允诺, 诺言; guarantee保证; 担保; progress进步, 进展; decision决定。根据句意可知答案选B。【例题2】To tell the truth, its the_ that makes my job so enjoyable. A. connection B. combination C.
12、 variety D. Mixture【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意: 说实话, 正是因为多样化才使得我的工作如此有趣。variety在本句中表示“变化, 多样化”, 符合句意。connection连接, 联系; combination合作, 结合, 组合; mixture混合物, 都不符合语境。【例题3】The most important _ of his speech was that we should all work wholeheartedly for the people.Aelement Bspot Csense DPoint【答案】D【解析】句意:他讲话中最重要的
13、一点是我们应该全心全意地为人民工作。point“要点;论点;主旨”,符合题意。element“要素,成分”;spot“地点”;sense“感觉”。【例题4】I found all _ in the play funny and interesting.Adirectors Bthe director Ccharacters Dthe characters【答案】D【解析】character作“人物,角色”讲是可数名词,被all修饰应用复数,此处为特指。四、课堂运用【基础】1Ms Liu saw a fashion dress in a shop which set her heart raci
14、ng. However, its price was far beyond her _. A. range B. certainty C. reach D. contact 【答案】C【解析】试题分析: A. range范围,射程,类别,(山脉,房屋等的)排列,B. certainty确定性,C. reach手脚能够到的范围,范围,区域,D. contact 联系,句意:刘女士在商店看见让她心动的时尚的衣服,然而,价格超出她的能力范围。Beyond ones reach“超出某人的能力”,所以选C。考点:考查名词辨析2Many companies in Guangdong are facing
15、 a serious labor _ following the Rabbit Years Spring Festival.Alack BshortageCabsence Dstorage【答案】B【解析】考查名词短语。句意:在兔年春节之后,广东的很多公司面临着严重的用工荒。Labor shortage“劳动力短缺”;lack也有“不足”之意,但用于lack of sth.结构,故被排除;absence “不在,缺席”;storage“(货物等的)贮存,贮藏”。易错选A。因对名词构成的短语掌握不到位引起的误选。3The teachers hope students can keep a _ b
16、etween work and relaxation.Apromise BleadCbalance Ddiary【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。Keep s promise遵守诺言;keep s balance保持平衡;keep a diary记日记;由语境可知:考试希望学生能够在学习和放松之间取得平衡。故C正确。4My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.Adrill Bapproach Cregulation Droutine【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:我早晨的常
17、规活动包括在公园里慢跑和在吃早餐时读报。Routine“固定而有规则性的程序,例行公事,日常事务,常规”。Drill“军事训练,操练”;approach“方法,手段,通路,道路,接近”;regulation“规章,条例,规则,规定,管理”。易错选A。没有意识到drill指军事训练或有目的的操练而误选。【巩固】1These days,he has stayed up late into night in order to get good marks in the following monthly test.Its no _ that he seems tired and asleep in
18、class every day.Awonder Bproblem Cdoubt Dquestion【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:这些日子他为了在接下来的月考中得到好分数熬到很晚。难怪他每天看起来都很累,上课时好像都能睡着。Its no wonder that.“难怪”,符合语意。2Im planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no _because it depends on the weather. A. promises B. guarantees C. progress D. decisions【答案】B【
19、解析】考查名词辨析。句意: 我计划在露天(场所)举行宴会, 但是我不敢保证, 因为这要取决于天气。promise允诺, 诺言; guarantee保证; 担保; progress进步, 进展; decision决定。根据句意可知答案选B。3Your friend is_. Does he often _ you? A. a great fun; make funs of B. good fun; make fun ofC. very funny; play a joke of D. fun; be laughed by【答案】B【解析】考查fun与funny以及动词短语的区别。fun是名词,
20、表示“娱乐, 玩笑, 嬉笑, 有趣的人或事物”, 为不可数名词; funny为形容词, 表示“有趣的, 好笑的, 滑稽的, 奇异的, 古怪的(带有贬义)”; 两者含义上也有差别: funny表示“有趣的, 滑稽的”, 它指的是一种滑稽可笑的“有趣”, 侧重点是让人觉得好玩或发笑; 而fun则主要指“有趣, 好玩”, 指人用fun, 指物用funny。所以第一空是fun; 后面一句: 他经常取笑你吗? 是主动关系, 故不用被动; make fun of取笑, 故B正确。4Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building,
21、 and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_(attract)【答案】attraction【解析】考查名词变形。句意: 但是对于像我一样的游客,熊猫是它的最大的吸引。Its后面跟名词。5The most important _ of his speech was that we should all work wholeheartedly for the people.Aelement Bspot Csense Dpoint【答案】D【解析】句意:他讲话中最重要的一点是我们应该全心全意地为人民工作。po
22、int“要点;论点;主旨”,符合题意。element“要素,成分”;spot“地点”;sense“感觉”。6I found all _ in the play funny and interesting.Adirectors Bthe director Ccharacters Dthe characters【答案】D【解析】character作“人物,角色”讲是可数名词,被all修饰应用复数,此处为特指。【拔高】1Mo Yans winning of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature shows the worlds _of Chinas contempor
23、ary literature. A. recognition B. intention C. connection D. application【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意: 莫言2012年诺贝尔文学奖的获得显示了世界对中国现代文学的认可。recognition承认, 认可, 符合句意。intention意图, 目的; connection接触, 联系; application申请, 申请书, 均不合句意。2There are times when a play became highly successful, even though most of the critics pa
24、nned(抨击) it without _.A. intention B. regret C. relief D. mercy【答案】 D【解析】试题分析:句意:有时一个戏剧非常成功,即使大多数的评论家无情地抨击它。A. intention意图;B. regret后悔、遗憾;C. relief放松;D. mercy怜悯。根据语境可知选D。考点: 考查名词的用法。3Li Yuchuns song was a _at once and its recording tape rose to No.1 on the best seller list.Ashock BstrikeChit Dbeat【答
25、案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。shock震惊;strike打击;beat连续不断地敲打;hit命中;击败;演出成功。依据句意选C项。4Theres no _ from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.Aview Bscene Csight Dlook【答案】A【解析】view自然美景,风景,指从某一角度看到的景色;scene景色;sight奇观,壮观;look看,瞧,望。本句句意为:除了一些工厂的烟囱外,从我卧室看不到任何风景了。5Our English teacher has just got a, _ youd call
26、it, err a pocket dictionary.A. that B. which C. how D. what【答案】D 【解析】考查插入语,句意:我们的英语老师刚刚得到一个,你们叫做,便携字典的东西。what you call it 是一个插入语。可以把它去掉,call应该接双宾语,所以what在插入语中做call的宾语。选D。这里的插入语相当于一个宾语从句,宾语从句缺少主宾表的时候,用what连接,注意这题的call后面接双宾语。6If you stand by the window,you will get a better_ of the sea.Ascene Bscenery
27、 Csight Dview【答案】 D【解析】句意:如果你站在窗户边,你就会更好地看到大海。1.scene是常用词,指局部的或周围的环境、风景、景色,尤其与观看者看法有关,也可指戏剧、电影、小说等场景、布景。 如: There were distressing scenes when the earthquake occurred. 当地震发生后到处都是悲惨的景象。 This play is divided into three acts,and each act has three scenes. 这个剧分为三幕,每一幕有三个场景。2. scenery指一个地区的总体形象,尤指农村中风景优美
28、 ; We passed through much beautiful scenery on our journey through the Lake District. 我们在穿越湖泊区的旅途中,看到了不少美丽的景色。 3. sight作“景物,游览胜地”解时用复数形式,表示各种各样引人兴趣的地方,尤其在城里;作“情景、景象”解时常用单数。They are seeing the sights. 他们在参观游览。 She enjoyed seeing the sights in Shanghai. 她喜欢游览上海名胜。The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是一
29、种美丽的景象。4. view是可数名词,表示从某处可见到的远景,着重点在你能够看到的部分,即所见之景。 Youll get a fine view of the town from the top of the hill. 从山顶上你可以相当清楚地看到城镇的全景。 The house has a view over the sea. 这座房子面向大海,视野开阔。故选D。课程小结本节课主要围绕名词的考点展开,每年高考热点有:名词词义辨析;名词的格;倍数的表达方法;这几个考点需要重点掌握。近年高考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合,因此,同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目,灵活地运用语法知识。课后练习
30、【基础】1(2016全国,61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_(attract)2(2016全国,69)The nursery team switches him every few _(day) with his sister.3(2016全国,42)Handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve)4(2016全国,46)Recent_(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.5(2016全国,阅读C)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide
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