版精校word解析 第2讲 非谓语动词.docx

1、版精校word解析 第2讲 非谓语动词第2讲非谓语动词全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2018全国卷) You dont have to run fast or for long to see(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.2(2018全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to impro

2、ve (improve) water quality.3(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged (challenge)4(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay (stay) and watch.5(2017全国卷) But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sar

3、ah is not spending halfterm resting(rest)1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义先试做题组单句语法填空1(2019湖北武昌区高三调考)The Yangtze River，known(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.2

4、(2019玉溪月考)You lose weight for a while, only to gain(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.3(2019湖南六校联考)Of course, enjoying(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.再

5、解读要点非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成Having been fired by

6、the company，the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.被公司解雇了，这位男士难以养活他的家庭。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。考点二 非谓语动词作状语先试做题组单句语法填空1(2019广东七校联考)We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My hus

7、band went to the counter to order(order) dishes and I stood with my parents.2(2019合肥检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and set regular rules, making(make) it easier for people to learn and master.3(2019福州模拟)With my eyes tightly closed(close)，I dived in and made my way to the other

8、 end.再解读要点1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。(2016北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。Tom took a ta

9、xi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the tem

10、ple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。易错提示语法填空和短文改错中常考查 “主语be形容词不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。2分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Orde

11、red over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。名师点津部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried i

12、n(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。Absorbed in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration

13、，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。4独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同

14、，它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词分词；名词/代词不定式；with/without名词/代词分词/不定式。The test finished(When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。考点三 非谓语动词作定语先试做题组单句语法填空1(2019湖北八校第一次联考)No one can ignore the rich culture dating(date) back to anci

15、ent times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.2(2019洛阳统考)The 15yearold boy from Oakland has fascinated audience in the US. and China with his ability to sing(sing) pitchperfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form.3(2019长治五校一联)With a puzzled(puzzle)look on my face, I pointed to myself and said，“Me？”4(2019重庆联考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell pho