正常青少年的焦虑和抑郁症状与自己和父母报告其行为抑制之间的关系.pptx

1、Personality and Individual Differences人格与个体差异I F:1.861Relationships between child-and parent-reported behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression in normal adolescents正常青少年的焦虑和抑郁症状与自己和父母报告其行为抑制之间的关系 Behavioural inhibition can be regarded as a temperamental trait which is characteri

2、sed by the tendency of children and adolescents to be unusually shy and to react with fear and withdrawal in novel and/or unfamiliar social situations(Kagan,1997).行为抑制可以作为一种气质特性，是儿童和青少年的一种倾向性特质，在在新颖/不熟悉的社会情境中通常会表现出害羞，出现恐惧的反应和退缩(Kagan,1997)1、问题提出、问题提出 Research has shown that youths who are behavioura

3、lly inhibited seem to be at increased risk for developing anxiety disorders。children initially identified as behaviourally inhibited were subsequently more likely to develop anxiety disorders compared to control children 有研究就表明行为抑制的青年会有更大的风险出现焦虑障碍。如果是儿童时期表现为行为抑制，那么相比控制组，在随后更有可能患有焦虑障碍。So far,research

4、 has emphasised that behavioural inhibition is a risk factor for developing childhood anxiety disorders。There is some evidence showing that behavioural inhibition is also associated with elevated levels of depression(e.g.,Reznick,Hegeman,Kaufman,&Woods,1992).到目前为止，研究都强调行为抑制是儿童发展焦虑障碍的一个风险因素。同时也有证据表明行

5、为抑制也和抑郁水平是相关的。Most behavioural inhibition studies have employed extensive laboratory procedures to assess behavioural and physiological features of the inhibited temperament in relatively young children.大多数行为抑制的研究是应用的是实验程序来评估相对较小的儿童抑制气质的行为和生理特征。Inspired by the work of Reznick et al.(1992)and Gest(19

6、97),Muris,Merckelbach,Wessel,and Van de Ven(1999)recently developed the Behavioural Inhibition Instrument(BII),a self-report instrument for assessing behavioural inhibition in older children.而Reznick et al.(1992)and Gest(1997),Muris,Merckelbach,Wessel,and Van de Ven(1999)他们编制了自我报告方式来评估行为抑制的工具即Behavi

7、oural Inhibition Instrument(BII)来评估年龄较大一点的儿童。So far,two studies have used the BII in order to examine the connection between behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in children and adolescents 到目前为止，只有两个研究使用BII来研究儿童和青少年的行为抑制和焦虑障碍、抑郁症状之间的关系。While previous studies(Muris

8、 et al.,1999,2001)solely relied on youths self-report,the present investigation also assessed behaviouralinhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression from the parents point of view.The current study further investigated the relationship between behavioural inhibition as indexed by the BII and s

9、ymptoms of anxiety and depression。然而以前的研究(Muris et al.,1999,2001)只是单独的依赖于青少年自我报告，当前调查也从父母的视角来评估儿童的行为抑制和焦虑和抑郁的症状。所以当前的研究想进一步通过BII指标来调查行为抑制和焦虑、抑郁症状之间的关系。2、1被试和程序 The parents of 499 first grade schoolchildren of a normal secondary school were approached by mail.In a letter,parents received information

10、about the study and they were asked to give their consent about their childs participation.向普通小学的一年级学生的499父母发信件。在信件里，父母接受到的关于这个研究信息和邀请他们孩子参与的知情同意。2、方法、方法 In addition,parents were invited to complete parent versions of the BII and RCADS(see later)and to return materials in a sealed envelope.而且，父母被要请完

11、成父母版本的BII和RCADS（修订版本的焦虑抑郁量表）和使用封口的信封来返回材料。Three hundred and twenty-seven parents(65.5%)responded positively to the mailing.Children of these parents were asked to complete child versions of the BII and the RCADS.This was done in their classrooms with a research assistant and the teacher always prese

12、nt to ensure confidential and independent responding.327名父母(65.5%)积极的回应了信件。父母的孩子要求去完成儿童版本的BII和RCADS。这件事情的完成是在他们的教室里，研究助手和老师也在场为了确保可靠和他们独立完成。Eventually,due to missing data and children being absent at the class assessment,data of 310 parents,297 adolescents,and 280 parentadolescent pairs were collect

13、ed.The total group of adolescents(N=327;149 boys and 178 girls)had a mean age of 12.7 years(SD=0.6,range 1115 years,99%of the adolescents was aged 1214 years).最终，由于数据丢失和儿童没有参与教室的评估，共收集到310名父母，297名青少年和280名父母青少年配对的数据。前少年(N=327;149 男生 和178 女生)的平均年龄在12.7岁(SD=0.6,范围 1115 岁,99%青少年的年龄在 1214 岁)。2、2测量工具 BII

14、contained eight items referring to shyness,communication,fearfulness,and smiling when meeting an unfamiliar child/adult.Items are rated on four-point Likert scales with 1=never,2=sometimes,3=often,and 4=always.After recoding positive items,scores are summed to yield a BIS child(range:416),a BIS adul

15、t(range:416),and a BIS total score(range:832).The second part of the BII remained unchanged and asked children to classify themselves in one of the three behavioural inhibition categories(i.e.low,middle,or high).第一部分的BII共包含8个项目，涉及到当面对不熟悉的儿童/承认时害羞、交流、恐惧、微笑。采用李克特4计分，1=没有,2=有时,3=经常、4=总是。重新积极的项目编码后,成绩总分

16、产生BIS的儿童(范围:4-16),BIS的成年人(范围:4-16)和BIS总分(范围:8-32)。的第二部分BII保持不变,问孩子将自己的三个行为抑制类别(即低、中、高)。The RCADS is an adaptation of the Spence Childrens Anxiety Scale(SCAS;Spence,1997,1998)and attempts to assess symptoms of DSM-defined anxiety disorders and major depression.RCADS是一个修订的适合测量儿童焦虑的量表(SCAS;Spence,1997,1998)，和试图去评估DSM定义的焦虑障碍和主要抑郁症状。The scale consists of 47 items that can be allocated to six subscales:social phobia、panic disorder、major depressive disorder、separation anxiety disorder、generalised anxie