句的翻译技巧.docx

1、句的翻译技巧一. 名词性从句的翻译(一) 主语从句1. 以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。举例：What he told me was only half-truth.Whatever is worth doing should be done well.Whether he comes or not makes no difference.When we can begin the expedition is still a question.How

2、 he is going to do it is a mystery.2. 用it做形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子的最前面翻译。为了强调，it一般可以翻译出来；如果不需要强调，it也不可不译出来。举例：It doesnt make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.有时候，如果主语从句依然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始，一般可以用“的

3、是，”这样的结构来翻译。举例：It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.(二) 宾语从句1. 用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。举例：I told him that because of the last condition, Id have to turn it down.Can you hear what I say?I dont know that he swam

4、across the river.I dont know how he swam across the river.He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译英语原文宾语从句的内容。举例：Smith replied that he was sorry.He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.2. 用it做形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从

5、句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。举例：I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.I heard it said that he had gone abroad.但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提到句子最前面翻译。举例：I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.We consider it absolutely necessary tha

6、t we should open our door to the outside world.(三) 表语从句英语中的表语从句放在系动词后面，充当标语成分，一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。举例：It seems that it is going to snow.That is why Jack got scolded.The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or agai

7、nst him.(四) 同位语从句1. 一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。举例：He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.There is a possibility that he is a spy.2. 有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同位语从句都比较简单。举例：We know the fact that bodies possess weight.The rumor that he was arres

8、ted was unfounded.3. 增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。举例：But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting di

9、scovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.4. 先翻从句再翻主句用“这种观点、这一理论、这一思想、这一发现”过渡。But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media

10、二. 定语从句的翻译(一) 前置法举例：He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.(二) 后置法1. 重复先行词举例：I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.We wish to exp

11、ress our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are

12、decisive in achieving success in the area.2. 省略先行词举例：It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night

13、.(三) 融合法举例：There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.She had a balance at her bankers which would have made her beloved anyw

14、here.(四) 状译法1. 译成表示“时间”的分句举例：A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded.2. 译成表示“原因”的分句举例：He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.3. 译成表示“条件”的分句举例：Men become desperate for work, any work, whic

15、h will help them to keep alive their families.4. 译成表示“让步”的分句举例：He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.5. 译成表示“目的”的分句举例：He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.6. 译成表示“结果”的分句举

16、例：They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously.7. 译成表示“转折”的分句举例：She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.三. 被动语态的翻译(一) 译成汉语主动句1. 保存原文主语举例：The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.When rust is form

17、ed, a chemical change has taken place.2. 主宾颠倒举例1：She was given a new pen by her father.Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.举例2：Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.The n

18、umerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.3. 增加主语举例：The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.(二) 译成汉语无主句举例：Measures ha

19、ve been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly.Water can be shown as containing impurities.The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.(三) 译成汉语判断句举例：The decision to attack was not taken lightly.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.The manuscript was sent to the printe

20、r in London a few weeks before the French revolution.The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.(四) 译成汉语被动句举例：He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.He was praised by hi

21、s teacher.Problems should be resolved in good time.For a long period to come, most of Chinas elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.(五) 常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译举例：It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.It is stressed that the field of science may be divided in

22、to two major areas: natural science and social science.It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.【常用被动句型的习惯译法】It is hoped that 希望，有人希望It is assumed that 假设，假定It is claimed that 据说，有人主张It is believed that 有人相信，大家相信It is reported that 据报道，据通报It is considered that 人们认为，据估计It is said that

23、据说，有人说It is supposed that It has been announced that It is asserted that It is rumored that It is noticed that It is suggested that It is learned that It is demonstrated that It is estimated that It is pointed out that It is proposed that It will be seen from this that It is stressed that It can not be denied that It is sometimes asked that It must be admitted that It has been illustrated that It is universally accepted that It is unanimously agreed that It can be said without exaggeration that