考研英语阅读真题考研英语第2篇毙考题.docx

1、考研英语阅读真题考研英语第2篇毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economi

2、c crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that

3、 makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools

4、 authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100, 000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard. Reforming the system would help both lawyers a

5、nd their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two year

6、s of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like own

7、ership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of

8、a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on i

9、mproving firms efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 整个世界范围内，律师比起其他任何职业的人员引起更多的敌意-可能除了新闻业人员。 但是很少有地方可以像美国这样有更多的理由抱怨律师这个行业。 在经济危机以前的十年间，美国在法律服务业的支出增长了两倍，如同和通货膨胀一样快。 最好的律师赚了很多钱，诱使更多的学生挤进法学院。 但是大多

10、数的法律毕业生从来没有获得过大的律师事务所的工作。 他们当中的许多人反而成为了那种妨碍民事诉讼的文件编档员，他们使得在侵权索赔制度上的花费如噩梦。 法律服务业的支出增长还有许多原因。其中一个就是法律教育的过度支出。 在美国大多数州成为律师仅仅一条途径： 用四年时间获得一些与法律不相关学科的学士学位， 然后在美国律师协会授权的200所法学院之一攻读三年以获得法律学位，而且为律师资格考试准备高昂的费用。 这让如今的法学院毕业生承担平均10万美元的债务，居本科生债务之首。 法学院学生的债务意味着他们不得不极大地努力工作。 体制改革对律师和客户都有利。 明智的想法已经存在了很长时间，但是管理此专业的州

11、级机构一直以来太过保守而没能实施这些想法。 其中一个想法就是允许人们在本科时学习法律获得法律学位。 另外一个就是让学生在法学院学习两年之后就参加律师资格考试。 如果律师资格考试真的是对一个准律师足够严格的测试，应该允许那些有能力的考生提前参考。 那些不需要额外的训练的学生就可以削减他们三分之一的债务。 高昂支出的另一个原因是限制性的、类似于行会的，企业的所有权结构。 除了哥伦比亚特区，非律师可能不能拥有法律事务所的任何股份。 这个使得费用高而且革新慢。 在行业的内部做改变有压力， 但是管理此行业中的反对者坚持认为 让局外人不持股份的做法使得律师远离赚钱的压力，而不是让其在道德上去服务客户。 事

12、实上，允许非律师持有法律事务所的股份会减少开支，并且提高对客户的服务质量， 为了提高事务所的效率，他们鼓励法律事务所使用技术手段，并且聘请专业的经理。 毕竟其它一些国家，如澳大利亚和英国已经开始使他们的法律职业自由化。美国应该采取这样的做法。 重点单词 instinctinstiktadj. 充满的 n. 本能，天性，直觉 dependencydipendnsin. 从属;从属物;属国 reasonableri:znbladj. 合理的，适度的，通情达理的 phrasefreizn. 短语，习语，个人风格，乐句 vt. 措词 benefitbenifitn. 利益，津贴，保险金，义卖，义演 psychologically,psaikldikliadv. 心理上地;心理学地 falsehoodf:lshudn. 谎言，虚假 administrationd.ministreinn. 行政，管理，行政部门 understand.ndstndvt. 理解，懂，听说，获悉，将 . 理解为，认为 fairnessfnisn. 公平，公正 2020-2-8