山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类.docx

1、山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类阅读理解（五）科教科普类1、What exactly is intelligenee? There aren t any easy answers. Despite the progress that has beenmade in gen etics and psychology, huma n in tellige nee has rema ined one of the most con troversial areas of modern scienee, until now, that is, for the discovery o

2、f a gene（ 基因）linked to intelligence has made the experts think aga in.Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been look ing in to gen etic make-up. From their research, they have discovered that a slightly differe nt gene is more com mon in those with

3、 a high IQ. Plomin an alyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15. What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of childre n in the

4、 higher group had the gene in questi on, while only 16% in the second group did. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage. He suggests that there are probably many genes that con tribute to in tellige nce, rather tha n just one.Several stud

5、ies have show n a strong link betwee n IQ and career success, although some psychologists rema in unconvinced about this. Professor Michael Rowe, who has writte n a book called Genius Expla in ed, is one of these. “ The people with the highest IQs are not usually the oneswho do best i n their career

6、s. ”Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn rything. Many t evealter native views have bee n put forward recen tly. One example is the idea of multiple in tellige nces, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broad

7、er view than the IQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as releva nt factors（因素）in in tellige nce.Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geni uses（天才）do in deed appear to comb ine high levels of each type of i

8、n tellige nce. He lists Alexa nder the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Ein stein as examples. At the same time, Buza n believes that every on e can develop their in tellige nce, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain. Perhaps there s hope for us all!1.What is the topic of the passage?

9、A.The relatio nship betwee n genes and in tellige nee.B.IQ ben efits a lot from high in tellige nee.C.How to develop in tellige nee.D.What makes in tellige nee.2.Why does the author use data in Paragraph 2?A.To make a suggesti on. B.To draw a con elusi on.C.To prove an idea. D.To give an example.3.W

10、hat can we lear n from the passage?A.Robert Plomin con firms genes have someth ing in eom mon.B.Howard Gardner thinks in tellige nee in eludes various faetors.C.Miehael Rowe approves of a strong link betwee n IQ and eareer.D.Tony Buza n agrees geni uses exereise brain to improve in tellige nee.4.Wha

11、t does the underlined word “ This ” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.The developme nt of in tellige nee. B.The idea of multiple in tellige nces.C.IQ isn tnytteing for intelligenee. D.Alternative views have been put forward.2、Your colleague s sharp eomment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your students

12、aretrapped in a “ he said/she said ” battle. When you reflect on your emoti onal react ions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of n egative feeli ngs, which can make you feel eve n worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called -distancing self , the ability to take a step back and viewyours

13、elf more objectively. Accord ing to a research, whe n people adopt self-dista ncing while discuss ing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reacti ons, experie nee less emoti onal sufferi ng, and display fewer sig ns of stress.But what might self- distancing look like in action? Conside

14、r a typical “ he said/she said ” stu(con flict where they are each focus ing on their own feeli ngs. One is thinking, I cant believdid that to me. ” And another insists, “ She really hurt my feelings. ” However, if you ask thentake the self-distancing, they might step outside o f themselves and ask

15、broader questions: “ Whywas he so hurt in this situatio n? ” or “ How did her an ger affect him? ”Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies in dicate that a cha nge inpoint of view can have a powerful effect on the way people think, feel, and behave. Here are several diffe

16、re nt tech niq ues you can try.First, consider how a thoughtful friend might respond after quietly observing their situation.Besides, avoid using the pronoun “ I ” . Focus -persoingDtloinduns, he, she, they, andthey were able to see the stressful eve nt as challe nging rather tha n threate ning. Fin

17、 ally, askyourself, “ How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now? ” This formmen tal time travel may be effective because our atte ntio n is directed away from our immediate, con crete circumsta nces.1.What is self-dista ncing?A.Getti ng stuck in n egative emotio ns.B.A stre

18、ssful situati on.C.A study on reliev ing emoti onal stress.D.Reflect ing on yourself objectively.2.Which of the follow ing stateme nt uses the tech niq ues of self-dista ncing?A.Im angry with him.B.How did these two people get to this point?C.How I wish I could go back to the past!D.He grabbed my no

19、 tes, and the n, and the n 3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Why Self-dista ncing MattersB.The Disadva ntages of Self-dista nci ngC.Break ing the Cycle of Negative Reflect ionD.Ways to Reflect on Emoti onal React ions3、It is com mon for adults to use“ baby talk ” whe n in teract ing with ba

20、bies. This way of speak ingattempts to imitate the sounds babies make when they first try to talk.But is this form of com muni catio n helpful to a child s developme nt?Several studies have suggested a clear link betwee n pare ntal la nguage methods and a childIan guage developme nt. Studies showed

21、that Ian guage lear ning in babies was improved whe n parents spoke more than a few simple words and used a wider vocabulary. Earlier research found that the style of speech used by pare nts to com mun icate with their baby could have an in flue nee on Ian guage developme nt.One such speak ing style

22、 is known as“ parentese ” .Research has shown that babies react better tothis kind of Ian guage in the first mon ths of life. Gen erally, pare ntese in volves adults speak ing in a higher voice and at a slower speed. The Ian guage is simplified, while sentences are short and ofte n repeated. Studies

23、 from the past 30 years have con firmed that babies spoke n to in pare ntese developed larger vocabularies throughout the first three years of life.s In stitute for Lear ning &A new study on the subject, a project of the Uni versity of Washi ngtonBrain Scien ces, exam ined whether pare nts can be ef

24、fectively taught methods to improve their pare ntese skills.Naj a Ferjan Ram rez.iworking in the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, said that the parents in volved in the research were first show n the importa nee of Ian guage in put for their baby developme nt. Parents were the n give n sugge

25、stio ns on how to use differe nt pare ntese methods, and then rated on how well they used these methods with their child. She added that the new study is important because there are still a lot of parents with little knowledge about how to use parentese to help their child.This was one reason the re

26、searchers included parents from different cultural and econo mic group in gs.1.How do pare nts usually talk with their babies?A.By speaking in a funny style. B.By copying babies sounds.C.By raising speaking speed. D.By whispering in babies ears.2.What can we lear n from the sec ond paragraph?A.Babie

27、s Ian guage Itekiare decided by tale nt.B.Babies Ianguage is improved by simple words.C.Parental Ianguage style helps improve babies behavior.D.Parental Ianguage methods affect babies Ianguage development.3.Where can you find how parents were trained in parentese skills?A.ln paragraph 2. B.ln paragr

28、aph 3. C.ln paragraph 4. D.ln paragraph 5.4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Com mun icati ng with babies matters moreB.Pare ntese is a good way to practice Ian guageC.The more pare nts help, the better babies lear nD.Speak ing pare ntese helps with babies Ian guage lear nings KTH4、 Wood ha

29、s many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable（耐用的）,easily available, and most importa ntly, environmen tally susta in able. The one thing it is not, is transparent（透明的）.Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholm Royal In stitute of Tech no logy, t

30、he material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list.Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berg lund said he was in spired to create the tran spare nt wood afterlearning how Japa nese researchers had developed a see-through paper for use in flexible display scree ns for electro nic dev

31、ices. The team bega n by pulli ng out the wood 木质素）.The s lig nin（lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer（ 聚合物）and baked at a temperature of 158F for four hours. The result was a hybrid product that was not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also, almost tran spare nt. The

32、researchers were able to adjust the level of tran spare ncy by vary ing the amount of the polymer injected and also by cha nging the thick ness of the wood.While scie ntists have previously created a see-through wood for small-scale applicatio ns like computer chips, the tran spare nt wood is the first one being con sidered for large scale applicati ons. The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the tran spare nt wood i