山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类.docx
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山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类
阅读理解(五)科教科普类
1、Whatexactlyisintelligenee?
Therearen'tanyeasyanswers.Despitetheprogressthathasbeen
madeingeneticsandpsychology,humanintelligeneehasremainedoneofthemostcontroversialareasofmodernscienee,untilnow,thatis,forthediscoveryofagene(基因)linkedtointelligencehasmadetheexpertsthinkagain.
RobertPlominoftheInstituteofPsychiatryinLondonandhiscolleaguesintheUShavebeenlookingintogeneticmake-up.Fromtheirresearch,theyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.PlominanalyzedDNAfromtwogroupsof51childrenagedbetween6and15.WhathefoundwasthatthefirstgrouphadanIQof136,puttingtheminthetop5%ofthepopulation,whiletheothergrouphadanaverageIQof103.Ananalysisoftheirgenesshowedthat32%ofchildreninthehighergrouphadthegeneinquestion,whileonly16%inthesecondgroupdid.However,thereisalotmoreresearchtobedone,andPlominhimselfiscautiousatthisearlystage.Hesuggeststhatthereareprobablymanygenesthatcontributetointelligence,ratherthanjustone.
SeveralstudieshaveshownastronglinkbetweenIQandcareersuccess,althoughsomepsychologistsremainunconvincedaboutthis.ProfessorMichaelRowe,whohaswrittenabookcalledGeniusExplained,isoneofthese.“ThepeoplewiththehighestIQsarenotusuallytheones
whodobestintheircareers.”
Manypsychologistsnowbelievethatwhenitcomestointelligence,IQisnrything.Many'teve
alternativeviewshavebeenputforwardrecently.Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligences,whichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory,includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors(因素)inintelligence.
TonyBuzan,brainexpertandauthorofMasteryourMemory,isenthusiasticaboutthisbelief,arguingthattruegeniuses(天才)doindeedappeartocombinehighlevelsofeachtypeofintelligence.HelistsAlexandertheGreat,PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinasexamples.Atthesametime,Buzanbelievesthateveryonecandeveloptheirintelligence,onlyiftheytakethetroubletoexercisetheirbrain.Perhapsthere'shopeforusall!
1.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?
A.Therelationshipbetweengenesandintelligenee.
B.IQbenefitsalotfromhighintelligenee.
C.Howtodevelopintelligenee.
D.Whatmakesintelligenee.
2.WhydoestheauthorusedatainParagraph2?
A.Tomakeasuggestion.B.Todrawaconelusion.
C.Toproveanidea.D.Togiveanexample.
3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.RobertPlominconfirmsgeneshavesomethingineommon.
B.HowardGardnerthinksintelligeneeineludesvariousfaetors.
C.MiehaelRoweapprovesofastronglinkbetweenIQandeareer.
D.TonyBuzanagreesgeniusesexereisebraintoimproveintelligenee.
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?
A.Thedevelopmentofintelligenee.B.Theideaofmultipleintelligences.
C.IQisn'tnytteingforintelligenee.D.Alternativeviewshavebeenputforward.
2、Yourcolleague'ssharpeommentkeepsreplayinginyourmind.Twoofyourstudentsare
trappedina“hesaid/shesaid”battle.Whenyoureflectonyouremotionalreactions,yousometimesgetcaughtupincyclesofnegativefeelings,whichcanmakeyoufeelevenworse.Ifso,theanswermaylieinaskillcalled-distancing"self,theabilitytotakeastepbackandview
yourselfmoreobjectively.Accordingtoaresearch,whenpeopleadoptself-distancingwhilediscussingadifficultevent,theymakebettersenseoftheirreactions,experieneelessemotionalsuffering,anddisplayfewersignsofstress.
Butwhatmightself-distancinglooklikeinaction?
Consideratypical“hesaid/shesaid”stu(
conflictwheretheyareeachfocusingontheirownfeelings.Oneisthinking,"Ican'tbeliev
didthattome.”Andanotherinsists,“Shereallyhurtmyfeelings.”However,ifyouaskthen
taketheself-distancing,theymightstepoutsideofthemselvesandaskbroaderquestions:
“Why
washesohurtinthissituation?
”or“Howdidherangeraffecthim?
”
Althoughthisapproachmaysoundtoosimpletobeeffective,studiesindicatethatachangein
pointofviewcanhaveapowerfuleffectonthewaypeoplethink,feel,andbehave.Hereareseveraldifferenttechniquesyoucantry.
First,considerhowathoughtfulfriendmightrespondafterquietlyobservingtheirsituation.
Besides,avoidusingthepronoun“I”.Focus-persoingDtloinduns,he,she,they,and
theywereabletoseethestressfuleventaschallengingratherthanthreatening.Finally,ask
yourself,“HowwouldIfeelaboutthisoneweekfromnowortenyearsfromnow?
”Thisform
mentaltimetravelmaybeeffectivebecauseourattentionisdirectedawayfromourimmediate,concretecircumstances.
1.Whatisself-distancing?
A.Gettingstuckinnegativeemotions.
B.Astressfulsituation.
C.Astudyonrelievingemotionalstress.
D.Reflectingonyourselfobjectively.
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementusesthetechniquesofself-distancing?
A.I'mangrywithhim.
B.Howdidthesetwopeoplegettothispoint?
C.HowIwishIcouldgobacktothepast!
D.Hegrabbedmynotes,andthen,andthen…
3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.WhySelf-distancingMatters
B.TheDisadvantagesofSelf-distancing
C.BreakingtheCycleofNegativeReflection
D.WaystoReflectonEmotionalReactions
3、Itiscommonforadultstouse
“babytalk”wheninteractingwithbabies.Thiswayofspeaking
attemptstoimitatethesoundsbabiesmakewhentheyfirsttrytotalk.Butisthisformofcommunicationhelpfultoachild'sdevelopment?
Severalstudieshavesuggestedaclearlinkbetweenparentallanguagemethodsandachild
Ianguagedevelopment.StudiesshowedthatIanguagelearninginbabieswasimprovedwhenparentsspokemorethanafewsimplewordsandusedawidervocabulary.EarlierresearchfoundthatthestyleofspeechusedbyparentstocommunicatewiththeirbabycouldhaveaninflueneeonIanguagedevelopment.
Onesuchspeakingstyleisknownas
“parentese”.Researchhasshownthatbabiesreactbetterto
thiskindofIanguageinthefirstmonthsoflife.Generally,parenteseinvolvesadultsspeakinginahighervoiceandataslowerspeed.TheIanguageissimplified,whilesentencesareshortandoftenrepeated.Studiesfromthepast30yearshaveconfirmedthatbabiesspokentoinparentesedevelopedlargervocabulariesthroughoutthefirstthreeyearsoflife.
sInstituteforLearning&
Anewstudyonthesubject,aprojectoftheUniversityofWashington
BrainSciences,examinedwhetherparentscanbeeffectivelytaughtmethodstoimprovetheirparenteseskills.
NajaFerjanRamrez.iworkingintheInstituteforLearning&BrainSciences,saidthattheparentsinvolvedintheresearchwerefirstshowntheimportaneeofIanguageinputfortheirbabydevelopment.Parentswerethengivensuggestionsonhowtousedifferentparentesemethods,andthenratedonhowwelltheyusedthesemethodswiththeirchild.Sheaddedthatthenewstudyisimportantbecausetherearestillalotofparentswithlittleknowledgeabouthowtouseparentesetohelptheirchild.Thiswasonereasontheresearchersincludedparentsfromdifferentculturalandeconomicgroupings.
1.Howdoparentsusuallytalkwiththeirbabies?
A.Byspeakinginafunnystyle.B.Bycopyingbabies'sounds.
C.Byraisingspeakingspeed.D.Bywhisperinginbabies'ears.
2.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?
A.Babies'IanguageItekiaredecidedbytalent.
B.Babies'Ianguageisimprovedbysimplewords.
C.ParentalIanguagestylehelpsimprovebabies'behavior.
D.ParentalIanguagemethodsaffectbabies'Ianguagedevelopment.
3.Wherecanyoufindhowparentsweretrainedinparenteseskills?
A.lnparagraph2.B.lnparagraph3.C.lnparagraph4.D.lnparagraph5.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Communicatingwithbabiesmattersmore
B.ParenteseisagoodwaytopracticeIanguage
C.Themoreparentshelp,thebetterbabieslearn
D.Speakingparentesehelpswithbabies'Ianguagelearning
'sKTH
4、Woodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.Itischeap,durable(耐用的),easilyavailable,andmostimportantly,environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot,istransparent(透明的).NowthankstoateamofscientistsatStockholmRoyalInstituteofTechnology,thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.
LeadresearcherDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafter
learninghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewood木质素).The'slignin(
lignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproductthatwasnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso,almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyvaryingtheamountofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewood.
Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughwoodforsmall-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchips,thetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescaleapplications.Theresearchers,whorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodi