高中英语句子成分分析1.ppt

1、句子的构成句子的构成句子成分主语主语 subject谓语谓语 predicate宾语宾语 object表语表语 predicative宾补宾补 complement定语定语 attribute状语状语 adverbial同位语同位语 appositive1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is

2、 to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.主主语语:可可以以作作主主语语的的成成分分有有名名词词,主主格格代代词词,动动词词不定式不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词名词主格代词主格代词数词数词动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词the+形形容词容词句子句子1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We of

3、ten speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has no

4、t been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）谓语谓语谓语:简单谓语由动词简单谓语由动词或动词词组或动词词组构成构成,一般在主语之后。一般在主语之后。I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She has

5、finished the homework.1.The sun rose.2.Who cares?3.What he said does not matter.4.They talked for half an hour.5.Who knows the answer?6.He has refused to help them.7.He enjoys reading.8.He said Good morning.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.He asked

6、 where he was.（三）宾语（三）宾语宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面面宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.下列动词只能接下列动词只能接不定式不定式做宾语做宾语 ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manag

7、e,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：等，如：He refused to lend me his bike.下列动词只能接下列动词只能接动名词动名词做宾语做宾语 admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：等，如：John has admitted breaking the window.(四)宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足足语:位于位于宾语之后之后对宾语作出作出说明明的成分。

8、的成分。I found the book interesting.Do you hear Tom singing?He made himself understood.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词(五)定语定语He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge

9、.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of wo

10、rk to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.（六）状语（六）状语用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语介词短语或句子或句子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频频率等率等.I will be back in a while.They are playing on th

11、e playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that he missed the train.9种状语种类如下：种状语种类如下：1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs in

12、to the basket with great care.（时间状语）（时间状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than h

13、e is.（伴随状语）（伴随状语）（目的状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）（比较状语）I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.He went.

14、He went there.He went there yesterday.He went there to see his mother yesterday.He went there to see his mother by bike yesterday.（七）表语（七）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:Be动词动词(am,is,are)感官系动词感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste,look变化系动词变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come状态系动词状态系动词 seem,keep,r

15、emain,stay,appear.1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.Who was the first?6.He is out of condition.7.The book is what I need.8.The apple tastes good.八、同位八、同位语同位同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置同等位置时,一个句子成分一个句子成分用来用来说明和解明和解释另一个句子成分另一个句子

16、成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的个句子成分就叫做它的同位同位语。We students should study hard.(students是是we的同位的同位语,都是指同一批都是指同一批“学生学生”)We all are students.(all是是we的同位的同位语,都指同都指同样的的“我我们”)注意注意:同位语从句常跟在某些名词后，对其作进同位语从句常跟在某些名词后，对其作进一步的解释。一步的解释。这些名词包括：这些名词包括：fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question.这类从句常常有这类从句常常有that引导引导，有时也可以用，有时也可以用what,why,whether,when 等引导。等引导。Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。Thats her habit,reading in bed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯。躺在床上看书是她的习