中考英语三大从句复习.docx

1、中考英语三大从句复习中考英语三大从句复习一、专题讲解考点一并列句和状语从句一、 并列句1表示顺城、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句an d;both.a nd.;as well as;not onl y.but also.2表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句but ； while;yet e.g Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句either.or.;or e.g.Study hard,or you l fail the exam.4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句so “所以” for “因为”e.g Kate was ill s

2、o she did n go to school.I have to stay up late,for I have lots of homework to do.5.and和or用于否定句中的区别（1） 当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时，用 and连接；当列举成分在否定词之 后时，用or连接够成完全否定。e.g Lucy and Lily can tspeak Chinese.I can tsing or dance.or.（2） 在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用 and连接，而不用e.g. Their is no water and no air on the moon.

3、（3） 在否定句中， without之后若有列举成分，则用 and连接，构成完全否定；在肯定句中，without之后的列举成分要用 or连接才能构成完全否定。e.g Man can live without air and water.=Man will die without air or water.二、 状语从句1.时间状语从句（1） when的用法when 当.时，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后 发生。e.g I feel very happy whe n you come to see me.when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动

4、词。e.g I worked for a foreig n compa ny whe n I was in Chen gdu.（2） while的用法while引导的时间状语从句意为与 同时，在 期间”。while引导的从句常用延 续性动词或表示状态的动词。e.g They rushed in while we were discuss ing problems.（3） as的用法as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当，一边 一边；随着”e.g. Hele n heard the story as she washed clothes.We get wiser as we get older.（

5、4） before/after 的用法e.g I will always work hard before I enter Peking University.（5） until/till 的用法till/until都表示“直到，常可换用，但 till不用于句首。 not.until. “直到才.”e.g He didn goto bed until he had finished his work.（6） si nee的用法si nee引导的时间状语从句，表示“自 .以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。e.g I have worked in this compa ny

6、si nee I graduated from Peking Uni versity.（7） as soon as 的用法as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，意为“一 就.”，该从句常用一般现在时表将来。e.g As soon as he arrives,I ll tell him.2.条件状语从句（1） if的用法含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中， 主句用一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时 。e.g Ill visit the Great Wall if it does n trai n.（2） unless的用法unless意为除非，如果不”，相当于 i

7、f.not. ”e.g Un less it rain s,the game will be played. 除非下雨，否则比赛将正常举行。（3） as long as 的用法As long as we show our love,the world will be full of happ in ess.3.原因状语从句Because :表因果关系的语气较强，用来回答 why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人不知道或最感兴趣的， because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。e.g Im leavi ng because I am fed up with the boss.Si nee

8、 :引出的原因往往是人名已知的事实，因此经常译成“既然 .”，通常放于句首。Since引导的从句时次要的，重点是强调主句。e.g Since every one is here,let beg in.As:as与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话 人所熟悉而不需要用 because加以强调。As所引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要性。e.g She didn hear us come in as she was asleep.Now （that）:主要用于口语， 表示微弱的原因， 主从句因果关系不明显， 意为“既然”e.g Now （that） you have

9、come,you may as well stay.4.目的状语从句（1）引导目的状语从句的词或词组有 so that,in order that 等，谓语中常含有may,might,ca n, ,could,will,would 等情态动词。e.g You must get up early so that you can go to work on time.（2 ）当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可用 so as to,in order to 。e.g He worked day and night in order tha t he could succeed.=He worked day

10、 and night in order to succeed.3 / 105.结果状语从句(1 )由 so.that,such.that 引导so +adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/a n+ 单数名词 +thatsuch+a/a n+adj.+ 单数名词 +thatsuch+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+that当名词前面有 many,much,little,few 等修饰时，用 so而不用such.e.g She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely s girl that we

11、 love her very much.We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.(2) so.that./too.to./no t.e no ughHe is so young that he can go to school.=He is .=He is .6.让步状语从句（1） though/although 的用法Although/though 意义一样，都作虽然，尽管”，都表示让步，一般情况下可以互换，只是although语气较重， 大多置于句首。 可以和yet连用，但不与but连用。e.g They are

12、 generous though they are poor.Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China.（2） even though 与 even if 的用法都表示“尽管，即使”，表示语气更强的让步。e.g Even though he s 24 now,he still like a little child.We ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.（3） wh-ever类引导词的用法在英语中，wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，还可以引导

13、让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成 no matter +wh-ever ”.引导名词性从句只能用 wh-ever.7.地点状语从句（1）引导地点状语从句的从属连词有 where/wherever，指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后，表示抽象含义时，从句需放在主句之前。e.g He lives where the climate is cool.Where there is a will,there is a way.（2 ）注意区分 where引导的状语从句和定语从句。You better make a mark where you have questions.You bette

14、r make a mark at the place where you have questions.注意：（1） because/so;though/although 与 but 不能连用（2） when,while,as引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。 When和as都可以与非延续性动词连用，而 while不能。when可表示瞬间，也可以表示时间段，与主句所陈述的动作、事情可同时发生， 也可有先后。while常用于连接两个同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生的动作。as不指先后，尤指两动作或事件同时发生。e.g The film had bee n on when we arrived.

15、My mother was cook ing while I was doing my homework.As I left the house,I forget the key.考点二宾语从句引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义，只能起连接 作用，可省略He said (that) Kate was good at swimmi ng.what,which,who, whose,whom 等 连接代词在从句中作一定的成分， 如主语、宾语、定语等I don tknow they are going to do.He asked me the book was.whe n, where,wh

16、y,how等连接副在句中作状语He wants to know we will go.词Do you knowthey found the place?if/whether“是否”，不作成分，但 有意义He asked meif Miss Gao was a teacher.一、 主句与从句时态一致的问题1如果主语是现在的某种时态，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。e.g I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me that he ll leave for New York tomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么

17、宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。e.g He told me that he would take part in the high jump.3.如果宾语从句表示的客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在 时态。e.g He told me that the earth is round.二、 宾语从句，陈述语序。e.g Do you know what Kate e-mail address is?三、 宾语从句的连接词1.that引导的宾语从句：e.g The teacher told us (that) she was a good girl.注意：引导词 that用于下列情

18、况时不可省略：当宾语从句的主语为 that时。e.g He says that that is a useful book.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。e.g Im afraid that if you ve lost it,you must pay for it.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的 that可以省略外,其余从句中的 that不可以省略。e.g He said (that) the film was very in teresti ng and that he enjoyed see ing it very much.2.whether/if 引导的宾语从

19、句e.g He asked me if/whether I was from Japa n.只能用whether,不能用if的情况：1.当从句中紧跟 or not 时，例如: We did nt know whether or not she was at home.2.当构成不定式 to do 结构时，例如：She does nt decide whether to tell her husba ndthe truth.3.在介词之后 ，例如：It all depe nds on whether the weather is fine.4.discuss 后面只能用 whether,例如：

20、They are discussing whether the plan is ok.考点三定语从句定义： 在复合句中，作定语的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词what,which,who,whom,whose 禾口关系畐U词 when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成 分。含有定语从句的复合句基本机构为： 先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词作用先行词例句that,who, whom主语，宾语， 表语人Do you know the girl who/that has g

21、ot an A ”n the exam?that.which主语，宾语， 表语物She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.whose定语人、物The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard.The room whose window is open is mine.whe n状语时间I still remember the days when you left for Beiji ng.where状语地点This is the school where my mother wor

22、ks.why状语原因Could you expla in the reas on why you were late?、关系代词的用法1.下列情况时，先行词指物时，只能用 that引导，不能用 which弓I导。当先行词是 all,little,much,more ,non e,everyth in g,a nything,nothing 等不定代词。e.g Is there anything (that) you don understand?当先行词前面有 the onl y,the very,the last 等修饰时。e.g This is the only book that I c

23、an find.当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时，e.g This is the best book that I have ever read.当先行词前面有 onl y,all,a ny,no 等修饰时。e.g I want to read all the books that were writte n by Lu Xun.但主句是以疑问词 which开头的特殊疑问句时。e.g Which is the hotel that you like best?2.关系代词的省略在从句中作介reason 一词。一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但关系代词 which,whom词的宾语并且介

24、词位于关系代词前面时，不能省略。e.g I ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.注意：that,which,who 在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g Who is the girl that is talk ing with our teacher?二、关系副词的用法1.when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语e.g I still remember the day when you graduated from No.9 Middle School.2.why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的e.g W

25、e don tknow the reason why he was late for school.3.where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语e.g This is the school where I studied three years ago.This is the factory where my father works.强化练习宾语从句专项练习1.I dont know he will come tomorrow. he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2.I

26、 dont know the day after tomorrow.A. whe n does he come B. how will he comeC. if he comes D. whether hell come3.Could you tell me the n earest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4.Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he men ded D. what

27、he men ded5.I want to know .A. whom is she look ing after B. whom she is look ingC. whom is she look ing D. whom she is look ing after6.Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7.Do you know what time ?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train le

28、ave D. the train leaves8.I dont know . Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are状语从句专项练习题1. he old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2.-Do you know if he to play b

29、asket ball with us?-1 thi nk he will come if he free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3.In the zoo if a child into the water and can t swim, the dolphins may come up him.A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; he lping4.I don

30、t remember he worked in that city when he was young.A. what B. which C. where D. who5.We will stay at home if my aunt to visit us tomorrow.A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6.The police asked the childre n cross the street the traffic lightsturned gree n.A. not; before B. don t; when C. not

31、to; until D. not; after7.1 was late for class yesterday there was something wrong with my bike.A. whe n B. that C. un til D. because8.I l go swimming with you if I free tomorrow.A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9.I n the exam, the you are, the mistakes you will make.A. careful; little B. more careful; fewe