情态动词讲义及答案.docx

1、情态动词讲义及答案 情态动词（讲义）一、can, could, may, might表示请求许可1. 区别Can I take the book away?Could I take the book away?May I take the book away?Might I take the book away?语气的委婉程度从高到低为can, could, may, might。2. can, could, may, might表示请求许可时的回答。Can you give me another chance? Yes, I can. No, I cant.Could I look at y

2、our pictures? Yes, of course you _./I am sorry you _.用could提问，表示“能吗？”，若表示同意用can，不同意用cant，注意不用could来回答。May I speak to you for a moment in private, please?May表示请求许可时，常常与第一人称I连用，构成“May I?”句式，表示“我可以吗？”肯定回答用Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Yes, of course.否定回答用No, you cant. / No, you mustnt.( )May I smoke h

3、ere? _, you _. It can be dangerous. A. Yes; can B. No; cant C. Yes; may D. No; needntMight I come in?Might I borrow some money?might用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事，常出现在口语中，用法稍显过时。肯定回答通常用may，否定回答可以用cant或者mustnt。练习：( )Can I get you a drink?_. I am not thirsty. A. Thats very nice of you B. No, you dont have to C. Yes, p

4、lease D. With pleasure( )May I leave the classroom now? No, you _. You shouldnt leave until the bell rings. A. may not B. cant C. neednt D. couldnt( )_ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the telephone number. A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should( )Could I use your eraser for a while? Yes, of cou

5、rse you_. A. could B. will C. can D. should二、情态动词和短语情态动词1. 情态动词needThe little girl needs to get some sleep.I needed two more days to finish the work.Do you need to have some coffee?need作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。接动词时，用动词不定式。Need I come here before eight tomorrow morning?No, you neednt.need作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。判断

6、下列句子中的need属于实义动词还是情态动词Tom needs to have a rest after a days working. _Need I pay the dishes now? _He didnt need to go the hospital. _He neednt have gone to hospitalhe only had a cold. _dare v. 敢于I would never dare to steal things from stores.Do you dare to tell her what I said?I didnt dare to look a

7、t him.I darent tell my mother the truth.dare可以做实义动词，后面接动词不定式（口语中to可以省略）也可做情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句。shallWe shall be away next week.I shall be in Henan next Friday.I/we shall，用于表示未来要做的事。Shall I open the window?Shall we meet at six, OK?What shall I make for dinner?shall I/we，好吗？要不要？用于提建议或要求他人做请补充完整下面的对话A: How

8、can we go there?B: We can go there by bus.A: How long will it take us to get there?B: About half an hour.A: _?B: Lets meet at the bus stop at 7 oclock.2. 短语情态动词have to“不得不”，使用时有人称和时态的变化。My brother has to eat an egg every day.You dont have to be here tomorrow.had better“最好”You had better stay at home

9、 tomorrow, for it will rain heavily.Tina had better not put off the plan because it is very important.否定形式为had better notwould rather “宁愿”I would rather go there with you.我宁愿不去电影院。I would rather not go to the cinema.否定形式为would rather notought to1）表义务，意为应该（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. Y

10、ou ought to take care of him. You ought not to smoke so much. 2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱，可翻译为“应该吧”。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 三、情态动词加完成时1. 情态动词表示对现在情况的推测Its just five oclock. Mary must be staying on bed now. 肯定推测That cant be Tom. He

11、went to Beijing yesterday. 否定推测He may/might be in China now. 可能性推测2. 情态动词表示对过去情况的推测must have doneHe must have arrived in Henan at that time.Lucy must have finished the book before she returned it.昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。Somebody _in the room last night.must have done 对过去的肯定推测，翻译为“一定了”。cant have doneMiss Li ca

12、nt have gone to Shanghai. I met her yesterday. He cant have done that because he stayed with me at that time.cant have done，对过去的否定推测，翻译为“不可能做了”。Jimmy不可能打扫了房子，因为他昨天就不在家。Jimmy cant have cleaned up the house because he was not at home yesterday.3. 情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟should have doneTom,youaretoolazy.Thework

13、shouldhavebeenfinishedyesterda.You should have told me about it earlier.My father should have got home at seven but his car broke off on the way.should have done 翻译为“本应该了（但实际没有）”（也可用ought to have done）我本就应该知道他是在骗我的。I _ that he was lying to me.neednt have doneYou neednt have done it by yourself. You

14、could ask others for help.My mom neednt have told me these words. I knew how to do it.I neednt have bought so much foodonly five people came. neednt have done翻译为“本不应该做（实际做了）”。could have doneYou could have got higher scores.I could have been there yesterday, but I met Tom on the way.could have done “

15、本能够”（实际未能做某事）练习：( ) The ground is wet.It _ have rained last night.A. cant B. neednt C. should D. must ( ) Mr. Smith _ have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.A. must B. neednt C. cant D. should( ) They _ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard. A. must B. could

16、C. should D. neednt( ) I _ have bought so much wineonly five people came.A. could B. must C. neednt D. should四、情态动词考点总结1. 常考点：通过语境分析说话人语气，选用最合适的情态动词( )Look out! The knife is very sharp. You _ cut your finger. A. need B. must C. should D. may( )In order to speak English better, we _ be afraid of losi

17、ng face. Remember, practice makes perfect.A. should B. shouldnt C. have to D. must( )You _ stop when the traffic light turns red.A. can B. had better C. need D. must( )Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You _hurry now.A. should B. neednt C. must D. cant2. 常考点：情态动词与一般现在时连用，表示对现在的推测。( )I

18、s Mr. Hu in the reading room? No, he _ be there. He has gone to Tianjin. A. mustnt B. neednt C. wont D. cant( )This book _ Lucys. look! Her name is on the book cover. A. must be B. may be C. cant be D. mustnt be( )This pair of shoes _ belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much. It _ be his. Its to

19、o large for him. A. can; cant B. may; neednt C. must; mustnt D. must; cant 3. 常考点：mustnt与must问句的回答( )According to the traffic laws, people _ drive after drinking wine or beer. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. mustnt ( )Must we leave now? No, we _. We still have two more hours. A. cant B. mustnt C.

20、 neednt D. shouldnt( )Miss Li, must we hand in our homework right now? No, you _. You can hand in it tomorrow. A. dont B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not( )Tom, you _ play with the knife. You _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; should4. 常考点：can, could, may, might表请求许

21、可时的回答。( )May I leave now? No, you _. You should wait here until lunchtime. A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. wont( )Could I have another candy, mom? No, you _. Its bad for your teeth. A. couldnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldntExercises一、单项选择( )1. Can I borrow your ruler, please? Yes, you _. But you must

22、 return it before lunchtime. A. have B. can C. must D. used to( )2. _ you wait a few more minutes? Itll be your turn soon. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Might( )3. _ I try on these shoes in the window? _. They are just on show. A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldnt C. Could; Sorry, you c

23、ant D. Can; Yes, you could( )4. Amy, I hear youve got many foreign coins. _ I have a look? Of course, Ill fetch them for you. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need ( )5. May I smoke here? Im sorry you _. It is dangerous to smoke at gas station. A. neednt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt( ) 6. Lisa is a l

24、ittle poor at Chinese. I think she needs _ it every day. A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking D. to practice to speak( )7. Shall we take a taxi? No, we _. Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt( )8. What do you want to eat for lunch? I will prepar

25、e earlier today. Honey, you _. Lets go out to have something different. A. mustnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. dont have to( ) 9. Its rather hot in the room. Youd better _ the windows or the door. A. close B. not to close C. dont close D. not close( )10. The students ought to wear school uniforms when the

26、yre at school. 划线部分可以替换为：_ A. must B. would like to C. should D. love to( )11. Harry _ have won the speech contest easily yesterday, but he gave up. A. could B. might C. should D. must( )12. The weather was fine yesterday. I _ my umbrella with me . A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt

27、have taken D. mustnt have taken( )13. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been( )14. He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money. A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt( )15. I _ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and t

28、alked with him for some time. A. shouldnt have come B. must have come C. neednt have come D. could have come( )16. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. mightnt have spoken C. cant have spoken D. shouldnt have spoken( )17. Can you go swimmin

29、g with us this afternoon? Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home.A. can B. may C. would D. have to( )18. What will the weather be like tomorrow? It _ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? A. must B. might C. shall D. should( )19. How was the party last night, Mark? It was great. You _ come. A. must B. can C. should D. may( )20. Will you stay for some more day