情态动词讲义及答案.docx
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情态动词讲义及答案
情态动词（讲义）
一、can,could,may,might表示请求许可
1.区别
CanItakethebookaway?
CouldItakethebookaway?
MayItakethebookaway?
MightItakethebookaway?
语气的委婉程度从高到低为can,could,may,might。
2.can,could,may,might表示请求许可时的回答。
—Canyougivemeanotherchance?
—Yes,Ican.No,Ican’t.
—CouldIlookatyourpictures?
—Yes,ofcourseyou______./—Iamsorryyou______.
用could提问，表示“能……吗？
”，若表示同意用can，不同意用can’t，注意不用could来回答。
—MayIspeaktoyouforamomentinprivate,please?
May表示请求许可时，常常与第一人称I连用，构成“MayI…?
”句式，表示“我可以……吗？
”
肯定回答用Yes,youmay./Yes,please./Yes,ofcourse.
否定回答用No,youcan’t./No,youmustn’t.
（）—MayIsmokehere?
—______,you_____.Itcanbedangerous.
A.Yes;canB.No;can’tC.Yes;mayD.No;needn’t
MightIcomein?
MightIborrowsomemoney?
might用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事，常出现在口语中，用法稍显过时。
肯定回答通常用may，否定回答可以用can’t或者mustn’t。
练习：
（）—CanIgetyouadrink?
—_____.Iamnotthirsty.
A.That’sveryniceofyouB.No,youdon’thaveto
C.Yes,pleaseD.Withpleasure
（）—MayIleavetheclassroomnow?
—No,you_____.Youshouldn’tleaveuntilthebellrings.
A.maynotB.can’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t
（）—______youpassmeapen?
I’dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.
A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.Should
（）—CouldIuseyoureraserforawhile?
—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.
A.couldB.willC.canD.should
二、情态动词和短语情态动词
1.情态动词
need
Thelittlegirlneedstogetsomesleep.
Ineededtwomoredaystofinishthework.
Doyouneedtohavesomecoffee?
need作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。
接动词时，用动词不定式。
—NeedIcomeherebeforeeighttomorrowmorning?
—No,youneedn’t.
need作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
判断下列句子中的need属于实义动词还是情态动词
Tomneedstohavearestafteraday’sworking.__________
NeedIpaythedishesnow?
__________
Hedidn’tneedtogothehospital.__________
Heneedn’thavegonetohospital—heonlyhadacold.__________
darev.敢于
Iwouldneverdaretostealthingsfromstores.
DoyoudaretotellherwhatIsaid?
Ididn’tdaretolookathim.
Idaren’ttellmymotherthetruth.
dare可以做实义动词，后面接动词不定式（口语中to可以省略）
也可做情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句。
shall
Weshallbeawaynextweek.
IshallbeinHenannextFriday.
I/weshall，用于表示未来要做的事。
ShallIopenthewindow?
Shallwemeetatsix,OK?
WhatshallImakefordinner?
shallI/we，……好吗？
要不要……？
用于提建议或要求他人做
请补充完整下面的对话
A:
Howcanwegothere?
B:
Wecangotherebybus.
A:
Howlongwillittakeustogetthere?
B:
Abouthalfanhour.
A:
___________________________?
B:
Let’smeetatthebusstopat7o’clock.
2.短语情态动词
haveto“不得不”，使用时有人称和时态的变化。
Mybrotherhastoeataneggeveryday.
Youdon’thavetobeheretomorrow.
hadbetter“最好”
Youhadbetterstayathometomorrow,foritwillrainheavily.
Tinahadbetternotputofftheplanbecauseitisveryimportant.
否定形式为hadbetternot
wouldrather“宁愿”
Iwouldrathergotherewithyou.
我宁愿不去电影院。
Iwouldrathernotgotothecinema.
否定形式为wouldrathernot
oughtto
1）表义务，意为"应该"（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Yououghtnottosmokesomuch.
2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱，可翻译为“应该……吧”。
HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.
There’safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.
三、情态动词加完成时
1.情态动词表示对现在情况的推测
It’sjustfiveo’clock.Marymustbestayingonbednow.
肯定推测
Thatcan’tbeTom.HewenttoBeijingyesterday.
否定推测
Hemay/mightbeinChinanow.
可能性推测
2.情态动词表示对过去情况的推测
musthavedone
HemusthavearrivedinHenanatthattime.
Lucymusthavefinishedthebookbeforeshereturnedit.
昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。
Somebody_______________intheroomlastnight.
musthavedone对过去的肯定推测，翻译为“一定……了”。
can’thavedone
MissLican’thavegonetoShanghai.Imetheryesterday.
Hecan’thavedonethatbecausehestayedwithmeatthattime.
can’thavedone，对过去的否定推测，翻译为“不可能做了……”。
Jimmy不可能打扫了房子，因为他昨天就不在家。
Jimmycan’thavecleanedupthehousebecausehewasnotathomeyesterday.
3.情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟
shouldhavedone
Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterda.
Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.
Myfathershouldhavegothomeatsevenbuthiscarbrokeoffontheway.
shouldhavedone翻译为“本应该……了（但实际没有）”（也可用oughttohavedone）
我本就应该知道他是在骗我的。
I_________________thathewaslyingtome.
needn’thavedone
Youneedn’thavedoneitbyyourself.Youcouldaskothersforhelp.
Mymomneedn’thavetoldmethesewords.Iknewhowtodoit.
Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchfood—onlyfivepeoplecame.
needn’thavedone翻译为“本不应该做……（实际做了）”。
couldhavedone
Youcouldhavegothigherscores.
Icouldhavebeenthereyesterday,butImetTomontheway.
couldhavedone“本能够……”（实际未能做某事）
练习：
（）Thegroundiswet. It______haverainedlastnight.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.shouldD.must
（）Mr.Smith______havegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.
A.mustB.needn’tC.can’tD.should
（）They____havefinishedtheworkyesterday,butitwasraininghard.
A.mustB.couldC.shouldD.needn’t
（）I______haveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.
A.couldB.mustC.needn’tD.should
四、情态动词考点总结
1.常考点：
通过语境分析说话人语气，选用最合适的情态动词
（）Lookout!
Theknifeisverysharp.You_____cutyourfinger.
A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may
（）InordertospeakEnglishbetter,we______beafraidoflosingface.Remember,practicemakesperfect.
A.shouldB.shouldn’tC.havetoD.must
（）You______stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.
A.canB.hadbetterC.needD.must
（）There’senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.You_____
hurrynow.
A.shouldB.needn’tC.mustD.can’t
2.常考点：
情态动词与一般现在时连用，表示对现在的推测。
（）—IsMr.Huinthereadingroom?
—No,he______bethere.HehasgonetoTianjin.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.can’t
（）Thisbook______Lucy’s.look!
Hernameisonthebookcover.
A.mustbeB.maybe
C.can’tbeD.mustn’tbe
（）—Thispairofshoes_____belongtoJack.Helikesthiskindverymuch.
—It_____behis.It’stoolargeforhim.
A.can;can’tB.may;needn’t
C.must;mustn’tD.must;can’t
3.常考点：
mustn’t与must问句的回答
（）Accordingtothetrafficlaws,people______driveafterdrinkingwineorbeer.
A.wouldn’tB.couldn’t
C.needn’tD.mustn’t
（）—Mustweleavenow?
—No,we______.Westillhavetwomorehours.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t
（）—MissLi,mustwehandinourhomeworkrightnow?
—No,you_____.Youcanhandinittomorrow.
A.don’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot
（）Tom,you______playwiththeknife.You______hurtyourself.
A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;may
C.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;should
4.常考点：
can,could,may,might表请求许可时的回答。
（）—MayIleavenow?
—No,you_____.Youshouldwaithereuntillunchtime.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.won’t
（）—CouldIhaveanothercandy,mom?
—No,you____.It’sbadforyourteeth.
A.couldn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.shouldn’t
Exercises
一、单项选择
（）1.—CanIborrowyourruler,please?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustreturnitbeforelunchtime.
A.haveB.canC.mustD.usedto
（）2.______youwaitafewmoreminutes?
It’llbeyourturnsoon.
A.MustB.ShouldC.CouldD.Might
（）3.—______Itryontheseshoesinthewindow?
—______.Theyarejustonshow.
A.Could;Yes,youcanB.Can;Sorry,youcouldn’t
C.Could;Sorry,youcan’tD.Can;Yes,youcould
（）4.—Amy,Ihearyou’vegotmanyforeigncoins._____Ihavealook?
—Ofcourse,I’llfetchthemforyou.
A.MayB.MustC.ShouldD.Need
（）5.—MayIsmokehere?
—I’msorryyou______.Itisdangeroustosmokeatgasstation.
A.needn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t
（）6.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneeds_____iteveryday.
A.practicetospeakB.topracticespeaking
C.practicespeakingD.topracticetospeak
（）7.—Shallwetakeataxi?
—No,we_____.It’snotfarfromhere.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
（）8.—Whatdoyouwanttoeatforlunch?
Iwillprepareearliertoday.
—Honey,you______.Let’sgoouttohavesomethingdifferent.
A.mustn’tB.can’t
C.shouldn’tD.don’thaveto
（）9.It’sratherhotintheroom.You’dbetter_____thewindowsorthedoor.
A.closeB.nottoclose
C.don’tcloseD.notclose
（）10.Thestudentsoughttowearschooluniformswhenthey’reatschool.划线部分可以替换为：
______
A.mustB.wouldliketoC.shouldD.loveto
（）11.Harry______havewonthespeechcontesteasilyyesterday,buthegaveup.
A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must
（）12.Theweatherwasfineyesterday.I______myumbrellawithme.
A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetaken
C.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken
（）13.Ididn’thearthephone.I____asleep.
A.mustbeB.musthavebeen
C.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen
（）14.Heisnotpoor.You____havelenthimthemoney.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t
（）15.I____hereintime,butImetanoldfriendofmine.Istoppedandtalkedwithhimforsometime.
A.shouldn’thavecomeB.musthavecome
C.needn’thavecomeD.couldhavecome
（）16.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She______atthemeeting.
A.mustn’thavespokenB.mightn’thavespoken
C.can’thavespokenD.shouldn’thavespoken
（）17.—Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?
—Sorry,Ican’t.I_____takecareofmylittlesisterathome.
A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto
（）18.—Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?
—It______berainy,cloudyorsunny.Whoknows?
A.mustB.mightC.shallD.should
（）19.—Howwasthepartylastnight,Mark?
—Itwasgreat.You_____come.
A.mustB.canC.shouldD.may
（）20.—Willyoustayforsomemoreday
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