M3U2--Grammar终稿1.ppt

1、在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）。）。名词从句的功能相当于名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。I.名词从句的种类名词从句的种类That the earth is round is a fact.Mrs B

2、lack wont believe that her son has become a thief.My idea is that we should do it right now.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句when/where/why/how/because that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引导不引导表语从句表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/whatNoun Clauses introduced by question

3、words:We can use the following question words to introduce noun clauses:what,which,who/whom,whose,when,where,why and how.We use a question word to introduce a noun clause when the clause is a wh-question.The clause can function as the subject,object or predicative of the sentence.Attention:1.We chan

4、ge the word order in a clause after a question word into that of a statement.2.We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses in any cases.II.Tell the function of the following sentences.a.subject b.object c.predicative d.appositive1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries

5、is still unknown to many.2.The question is whether it is worth doing.3.Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.4.That he will come is certain.5.They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.6.Why he did it wasnt quite clear.dcbbaa1.1.同位语从句的格式：

6、同位语从句的格式：2.2.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是thatthat,也可根据含义选用也可根据含义选用名词名词.+.+连接词连接词+从句从句WhetherWhether,what,when,where,what,when,where 等来引导同位语从句。等来引导同位语从句。fact、idea,news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等等1.I have no idea _he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _he got the mon

7、ey.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhetherEmpty subject it1.We can use it as an empty subject A.when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.(correct)That we wo

8、uld not be able to understand Old English today is certain.b.(correct)Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.c.(correct)When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.a.(preferable)It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today.=(pr

9、eferable)It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future.=(preferable)It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words.=It 作形式主语的句型作形式主语的句型:1.It+be+adj.(true,certain,possible,obvious,likely)that2.It+be+noun phrase(no wonder,an honour,a pity,)that3.It+be+pastpart

10、iciple (said,reported,expected,announced)that4.It+seems/appears/happens that.5.It doesnt matter that C.When the subject is a v-ing form (correct)It is difficult to stop smoking.We usually use the empty subject it with a clause or to-infinitive(preferable),but with the v-ing form we prefer the real s

11、ubject at the beginning.Tip(preferable)Smoking is difficult to stop.=B.When the subject is a to-infinitive:(correct)To master a foreign language is hard.(preferable)It is hard to master a foreign language.=2.It can also be used before seem,appear,happen,chance,turn out and prove as the empty subject

12、 of a sentence.:a.He seems to speak two languages.b.My new neighbour happens to come from my home town.It seems that he speaks two languages.=It happens that my new neighbour comes from my home town.=3.We can emphasize the subject,object,or adverbial in a sentenceby using it+be+the word/phrase you e

13、mphasize+a clause introduced by that or who.a.It was last night(not any other time)that I read about the history of English.If we do not emphasize anything,the sentence can be:I read about the history of English last night.二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1 1）that that 和和what what 的选用的选用thatthat 和和 whatwh

14、at 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，但是，whatwhat除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性词性从句中充当成分从句中充当成分，可做从句的，可做从句的主主语、宾语、或表语语、宾语、或表语。而。而thatthat在名词性从在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起句中不充当任何成分，只起连接连接作用作用。a.a.主语从句主语从句b.b.表语从句表语从句c.c.同位语从句同位语从句e.e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do f.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to if to do.do.g whether

15、or not g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时不用不用if.if.不能使用if 的情况：1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he shou

16、ld do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether“doubt（怀疑）（怀疑）”后接并与从句时后接并与从句时whether,if,that的用法：的用法：1.主句为肯定句时，主句为肯定句时，whether和和if都可以。都可以。I doubt whether/if it is right or wrong.2.主句为否定句或疑问句时，只可用主句为否定句或疑问句时，只可用that。Do you doubt that he will come soon?I do not doubt that he will come soon.I have no doubt that he will come soon.3.主句为肯定句用主句为肯定句用that时，其意为时，其意为“认为未必认为未必可能可能”。例如：I doubt