最新人教版初三unit13讲解学生.docx

1、最新人教版初三unit13讲解学生 Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth! 重点知识归纳解析重点单词:1. litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾 2. bottom n. 底部 3. coal n. 煤 4. ugly adj. 丑陋的 5. cost v.花费 n. 花费 6. wooden adj. 木制的 (wood n. 木材) 7. plastic adj. 塑料的n. 塑料 8. method n. 方法 9. cruel adj. 残酷的 10. harmful adj. 有害的 (harm n. 害处) 11. industry n. 工业

2、 12. law n. 法律 13. afford v. 承担得起14. recycle v. 回收利用 15. gate n. 大门 16. bottle n. 瓶子 17. president n. 负责人 18. work n. 作品 19. metal n. 金属重点短语:1.make a difference 起作用；有影响 2. take part in 参加 3. turn off 关掉 4. pay for 付费；付出代价 5. cut down 减少 6. lead to 导致 7. hear of 听说 8. cut off 切除9. throw away 扔掉 10. p

3、ut sth. to good use 好好利用 11. put down 拆下 12. upside down 上下颠倒 13. bring back 恢复重点句型:1.Were trying to save the earth. 我们在努力拯救地球。2. The rive used to be so clean. 这河流过去是如此的清澈。3. The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。5.

4、 And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。6. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。【重点讲练】1. The air ha

5、s become really polluted around here. 这儿的空气已经被污染了。辨析：turn, get 与become become多指身份、职位等的变化，它强调变化的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容词。He becomes a teacher. get多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得”，后常接形容词的比较级形式。In winter the days get shorter. turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 【小试牛刀】用turn, get 和beco

6、me填空。Her mother _ angry when she heard the news.Its _ darker and darker outside.The milk has _ bad.2. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。cut down 意为“减少”；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于down前面。Youd better cut

7、the article down to about 2,000 words. 【拓展】cut down 还可表示“砍倒”的意思。They cut down the big tree. cut off 切断；切除cut into 把切成cut up 切碎cut in 插队【小试牛刀】单项选择Did you tell it to Jack? Yes, but we were _ in the middle of our telephone conversation. A. cut down B. cut off C. cut up D. cut into 3. Its good for healt

8、h and it doesnt cost anything! 它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。辨析：spend, cost, take, pay 花费主语表示的内容spend人宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。cost物或事后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。take事或人它说明事情完成“花费了”。pay 人意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”pay for人宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因【小试牛刀】单项选择1. Do you take exercise every day?Yes. I always _thirty mi

9、nutes after supper. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay2. I _ $300 for the bike.A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。harmful 形容词，意为“有害的”。常构成短语be harmful to “对有害的”。Staying up often is harmful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。【拓

10、展】harm 名词，意为“害处”。常用构成短语do harm to “对有害”，相当于be harmful to. Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking is harmful to his health. 【小试牛刀】改为同义句。Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes. Reading in the sun _ _ _ our eyes. 5. Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 你曾经参加过环境保

11、护活动吗？辨析：join, join in 和take part in join 加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。join in加入一种具体活动。take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。Willyoujoinusinthediscussion?ShejoinedtheYoungPioneers.Whydidntyoujoininthetalklastnight?Did you take part in the sports meet?【小试牛刀】单项选择。1. H

12、ave you _ a club? Yes, Im in a swimming club and I often _ the swimming training. A. joined; take part in B. joined; join C. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in 2. Were going for a picnic. Would you like to_ us? Why not? Lets go! A. attend B. join C. join in D. take part in 6. We cant affo

13、rd to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。afford是动词，意为“买得起,担负得起”，通常与can,could,beableto连用,多用于否定句中。Theycouldntafford$50foraticket.afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。Wecantaffordtogoabroadthissummer. 【小试牛刀】单项选择。Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _to. She has donat

14、ed much of the money she saved to charities. A. afford B. allow C. remind D. pay7. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。【辨析】be made + 介词be made of “某物由制造而成”（从制成品中可以看出原材料）bemadefrom“某物由制造而成”（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料）。bemadein“某物由某地制造”bemadeby“某物由某个

15、人或集体制造而成”，其中介词by用来强调动作的执行者。bemadeinto某种原料制成某物bemadeupof某物由组成或构成【小试牛刀】单项选择。Books are made _ paper and paper is made _ wood. A. from, of B. of, from C. in, from D. from, in8. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a

16、little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。“not only but also ”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both and ”。使用not only but also 时须注意的几点：not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等：They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用：Television is not only boring, but i

17、t also wastes a lot of time. 谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致：Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in thiscollege. 不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构：Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 【小试牛刀】单项选择。1. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _ good

18、 at drawing.A. is B. am C. are D. was9. Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to doneed doing=need to be done 需要被现在分词doing表被动“需要被做”，相当于need to be done。 My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时need有人称和数的变化。 He ne

19、eds to get up early. 【小试牛刀】单项选择。Something is wrong with my car. It needs _. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. to be repair 10. What or who is causing these problems? 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？cause用作动词，当“引起，造成，使得”讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。 cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+直接宾语)为固定用法。He caused his parents much

20、 trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 【小试牛刀】改为同义句。It caused him lots of worries. It caused lots of worries _ him.专题复习【语法点拨】本单元复习现在进行时、used to句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词。现在进行时（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。（2）基本结构：主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化）（3）基本用法：表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与now或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。表示现

21、阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于at present, this week, these days等连用。表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。现在完成时（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。（2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词（3）基本用法：表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与since, for, in the past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。表示一种“经历或体验”，即

22、可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。被动语态初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词（2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词（3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词（8）含有情

23、态动词的被动式：情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。used to 结构used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did 主语use to do sth？否定式是：主语didnt use。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应当是：Used 主语to sth？否定式应当是used not to或us

24、e（d）nt to。He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。【实战演练】. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. . 单项选择。1. He promised to pick me u

25、p at the school gate. However, he _ yet. A. didnt arrive B. doesnt arrive C. isnt arriving D. hasnt arrived2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _ as “Peoples Writer”.A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards3. Where is Tom? He _ in his room. A. is reading B. reads C. read

26、 D. was reading 4. May I go out now, Dad? No. You _ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need D. must5. Her son _ Coke, but now he _ milk.A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinksC. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking【写作演练】话题导入本单元以“

27、谈论污染和环境保护”为话题，围绕这一话题谈论人们在日常生活中应该如何保护环境。这也是单元测试和中考等试题中常考的话题作文之一。【习作在线】【2013辽宁锦州】保护人类共同的家园地球是每个人的责任和义务。我们在生活中的点滴小事上也能做出自己的贡献。根据表格内容，谈一谈曾经为保护环境做过哪些努力，将来还打算如何去做。要求： 1. 词数不少于50词； 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 意思连贯，条理清晰，适当发挥。turn off the lights when you leave a roomturn off the shower while washing hairstop using p

28、aper napkins take your own bags when shoppingstop riding in carsride a bikerecycle books and paperIts our duty to protect the earth. I always turn off the lights when I leave a room. While I am washing my hair, I usually turn off the shower. Besides, if I want to shop, I always take my own bags inst

29、ead of using plastic bags. I have decided to do more things to protect our earth, such as recycling books and paper and stopping riding in cars. 一 、 单项选择 （15分）1. How do they deal with the dangerous building? -The building_ now.A. is building pulled down B. pulled down C. is being set up D. set up2.How do you think of the book? -It is suitable_ children to read because it is full of pictures and educational words. A. to B. at C. for D. with3. We can help to educate the public _ the environment.A. about caring for B. of caring for C. about taking care D. of looking after4. Have you ever _ Jin Y