高三英语定语从句考点精讲精练全国通用.docx

1、高三英语定语从句考点精讲精练全国通用定语从句考点精讲精练 考点精讲定语从句是英语学习者必须掌握的重要语法项目，也是高考试题考查的重要语法内容，几乎每年各省市高考英语试题都会涉及定语从句。下面笔者结合近两年高考试题，分析定语从句在高考题中的考查热点，再配一些精心编写的相关试题，以期对同学们复习并掌握此项语法内容有所帮助和启发。 考点一、关系代词的基本用法学习定语从句必须掌握关系代词的基本用法。高考命题老师有时针对关系代词的基本用法设计试题，来考查考生对关系代词的掌握情况。关系代词主要有：who, whom, that, which, whose。做题时，要认真分析语境和从句的句子结构，根据先行词

2、和从句的句子成分去选择合适的关系代词。考例1Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. 2006北京卷 A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; / 解析 选C。先行词women指人，those也是指人，均在从句中充当主语，因此用关系代词who。请再看下例：考例2Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the o

3、ffice. 2005浙江卷 A. which B. that C. this D. it解析 选A。which引导非限制性定语从句，可修饰整个主句。若将逗号改为分号或在逗号后面加上连词and，则可选D，it也可指代整个句子。再如：考例3Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. 2006年福建卷 A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 解析 选A。whose是who的所有格，既可指人，又可指物。whose roof = the roof of which，因此，若选C，

4、必须在roof前面加the。从以上考例中可以看出，命题人在具体的语境中考查考生灵活运用关系代词的能力，因此，我们复习时，一定要将关系代词的用法烂熟于心，比如，that既可指人，又可指物，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；which只能指物，不可指人；who/whom只能指人，who在从句中可充当主语或宾语，whom是who的宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；whose既可指人又可指物，whose之后必须紧接一个名词。热点二、介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句高考命题老师对介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句情有独钟，这类试题在2006年高考有关定语从句的试题中占了很大的比例。介词是英文中较难掌握的词类，其用法是

5、约定俗成的，而且，介词与名词以及动词构成大量的固定搭配，所以，命题老师常常根据介词的灵活多变性，再结合具体的语境，来考查考生灵活运用介词以及关系代词的能力。考例1We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. 2006湖南卷 A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which解析 选B。此题难度较大。因为这个非限制性定语从句和其先行词隔开了，因此，做题时，要认真分

6、析句子结构，确定先行词是one of them，而them又指代前面的名词natives，然后再根据短语give sth. to sb.确定介词用to。 考例2She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. 2006陕西 A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which解析 选D。介词后面只能接关系代词which / whom，有时也能接whose + 名词，不能接that，所以首先可以排除A。若要选A，

7、则必须在after前面加上连词and。题意为：她在北京大学受过教育，从那以后她出国留学了，因此用介词after，which指代前面整个主句。考例3I was told there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. 2006辽宁 A. study; of whom B. studying; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 解析 选D。studying Chinese in the school现在分词

8、短语作定语，修饰前面的名词foreign students，在school后面接了一个most of which引导的非限制性定语从句。若选B，则必须在most前面加上连词and或把逗号改为分号。从以上考例分析中可以看出，介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句是备考定语从句的重点。解这类试题，难点是确定合适的介词。我们知道，选择一个合适的介词，有时可根据介词与关系代词的搭配去分析，有时可根据定语从句中的谓语动词去确定介词。因此我们平时复习时一定要练好语言基本功，多积累名词与介词的搭配以及动词与介词构成的短语。另外，认真分析历年高考试题有助于掌握定语从句中的常见考点。注意 并非所有的介词都可置于关系代

9、词之前。定语从句中的谓语若是动词 + 介词构成的具有固定含义的短语动词（phrasal verbs），则不可前置介词。例如：The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange.The book he has been working on will be published next year. on不可前置热点三、限定词 + of whom / whom限定词包括：不定代词（some, any, all, either, neither, both, each）、数词（one, the first）以及many, most,

10、 several, (a) few, (a) little等。考例1I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. 2006辽宁 A. sudy; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 解析 选D。studying Chinese作定语，修饰50 foreign students；most of whom引导一个非限制性定语从句也是修饰50

11、 foreign students。若选C，应该在most of them前面加上连词and。 考例2I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed.A. of that B. of which C. that D. which解析 选B。介词 + which不可引导非限制性定语从句，故不可选A。the first of which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰three books。原句可改为：I was given three books on cooking, and I really enjoyed the

12、first of them.从以上考例分析中可以看出，限定词 + of which / whom一般引导非限制性定语从句，解题时应特别注意此类定语从句和并列句的区别。一般来说，若两个分句之间用了分号或一个并列连词，那么“限定词 + of”应该用代词，否则，就为非限制性定语从句。这两种句型通常可相互转化。热点四、as与which引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句是定语从句中的重要考点和难点。考例1The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 2006天津 A

13、. what B. that C. how D. as 解析 选D。as作关系代词，指代整个主句。as在句中的位置十分灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末。考例2Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. 2004天津卷A. who B. that C. what D. which解析 选D。which引导非限制性定语从句，可修饰前面整个主句。命题人在定语从句中加入了一个插入语，增加了难度。从以上考例可以看出，命题人在考查as与which引导的

14、非限制性定语从句的同时，又考查考生分析句子结构的能力。因此我们必须搞清楚as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。二者有时可通用，但as的位置较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，而which不可置于句首，一般用于句末。另外，若定语从句为否定句，则不可用as，as多用于as you know, as we expect等固定结构中，含有“正如一样”之意。例如：He has passed all the examinations, as / which we expect.He has passed all the examinations, which is unexpected.热点五、whe

15、n和where引导的定语从句关系副词when和where引导定语从句时，分别在从句中作时间状语和地点状语，有时可用介词 + 关系代词来代替。命题人主要从以下几个方面来考查：（一） when和where的基本用法考例1Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. 2005安徽卷 A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that解析 选A。此题既考查

16、表语从句的用法，又考了关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句。What在表语从句中充当表语，而that引导名词性从句仅起连接作用，不能充当任何成分；先行词是20 years ago，表示时间，因此用关系副词when，在从句中作时间状语。考例2- Is that the small town you often refer to?- Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. 2005福建卷 A. that B. which C. where D. what解析 选C。此题迷惑性很大。不少考生可能误选A，误以为the one在

17、定语从句中作you know的宾语。其实，命题人正式利用插入语you know来迷惑考生。解题时，可以将插入语忽略，认真分析语境后，我们可以知道the one指代上文的the small town，因此用关系副词where，where在从句中作地点状语。一般来说，表示时间的名词后面用关系副词when，表示地点的名词后面用关系副词where，但是，有时在这些名词后面却用关系代词。那么，应该如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词呢？我认为要准确运用关系副词或关系代词，首先应该学会熟练分析定语从句的句子结构和句子成分，然后要分析定语从句中的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，那么用关

18、系代词，若定语从句不缺这些成分，就可以考虑用关系副词。请比较以下例句：1. a. I still remember the day when I came to London alone. （从句不缺主语或宾语）b. Do you still remember the day that we spent in London? （从句中缺宾语，spent是及物动词，后面必须接宾语，即：We spent the day in London.）2. a. This is the factory where my father used to work 10 years ago. （从句不缺成分，wo

19、rk在此处作不及物动词） b. This is the factory that / which my father and I visited 10 years ago. （从句缺宾语，visit是及物动词。从句表达的意思是：My father and I visited the factory 10 years ago.）（二）抽象地点名词后面接where引导的定语从句有些名词看起来不像地点名词，但是后面却可以接where引导的定语从句。这类名词可以视为抽象的地点名词，主要有：situation（情景，场合）, point, business, scene, stage（阶段）等。考例1W

20、ere just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.2006山东卷 A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析 选A。point可以看成是一个抽象的地点名词，where相当于at which。题意为：我们现在正在努力做到使双方坐下来谈判的这一步。考例2Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people

21、were eaten by the tiger. 2005广东卷 A. in which B. by which C. which D. that解析 选A。in which此处可以换成where。根据句意“在那些场景中，人被老虎吃掉”，即in the scenes people were eaten by the tiger。（三）where-从句是定语从句还是状语从句where既可引导定语从句，又可引导状语从句，那么如何区分这两类从句呢？一般来说，若where-从句前面有表示地点的名词，则可视为定语从句，若前面没有表示地点的名词，就为地点状语从句。请比较以下例句：1. a. We reac

22、hed the place where they work. （定语从句）b. A new factory is being built where they used to work five years ago. （状语从句）2. a. He left it where it lay. （状语从句） b. He left it in the room where his brother was sleeping. （定语从句）考例- Mum, what did your doctor say?- He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. 200

23、6四川卷 A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 解析 选D。where在此处引导地点状语从句。若选C，则必须在the place前面加上介词at，那么，where引导的就是定语从句了。综上所述，高考命题人针对定语从句的知识要点，巧设语境，考查学生灵活运用定语从句的综合能力。我们在做题时，不应只看表面现象，而应该认真分析句子结构和定语从句中的成分，灵活运用所学知识，这就要求我们平时必须牢固掌握基本知识，并且在实际语言运用中切实提高自己的语言能力。考点精练I. 在空白处填上适当的关系代词、关系副词，或介词 + 关系代词。1. He

24、was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. 2. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.3. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the students Union.4. Her sister has bec

25、ome a lawyer, _ she wanted to be.5. - Why does she always ask you for help?- There is no one else _ she can turn, is there?6. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.7. A fast food restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.8. There

26、 are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _ five are mine.9. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.10. We will put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better.II. Multiple choice.1. You can find whatever you need in the supermarket, _ is alw

27、ays busy at the weekend.A. that B. where C. what D. which2. Michael Jordan, _ many of you are old enough to know, is one of the greatest superstar in the history of the NBA. A. what B. that C. as D. how 3. I hope you may find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend. A. where B. wh

28、ich C. that D. when4. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long. A. as B. when C. why D. which5. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday. A. whose B. whom C. which D. that6. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south. A. of whom B. of which C. of that D.

29、of whose7. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much. A. that B. whom C. which D. it8. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A. which B. when C. who D. that9. It is the third time _ you have made the same mistake.A. whom B. which C. that D. where10.

30、 I will never forget the days _I spent with your family. A. when B. where C. why D. whichIII. 易混句型对比练习。1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were2. The old m

31、an has two sons, _ are college students. The old man has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of which B. both of them C. both of that D. both of whom3. I still live in the room _ window faces south. I still live in the room _ is in the north of the school. A. whose B. who C. where D. which4. _ leaves the room last ought to t