国际贸易实务英文版参考答案.docx

1、国际贸易实务英文版参考答案国际贸易实务英文版参考答案Chapter1I.YES，Pleaserefertothe1stparagraphofthetext.II.流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额贸易顺差贸易逆差欧盟国际收支顺差国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易excessliquidityself-sufficienteconomicresourcesdirectinvestmentbalanceofpaymentsbarterexporttaxrebatedumpingexport-driveneconomicgrowthh

2、ostcountrybalanceoftradefavorable/unfavorablebalanceoftradeEuropeanUnionfavorable/unfavorablebalanceofpaymentsvisibletradeinvisibletradetradeingoodstradeinservicesIIIThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengr

3、owing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.IV1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.2.Tradein

4、servicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods.3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.6.Investmentisusedpri

5、marilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.V1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.2.Intodayscomplexeco

6、nomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationsparticipateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresources(land,laborandcapital)thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneeds.

7、Asforthepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.3.Inmeasuringtheeffe

8、ctivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.4.FDI,theabbreviationformForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncompanyistrade.ThegreatsignificanceofFDI

9、forChinamightbethat:FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.Chapter2I关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配额保护性关税市场失灵幼稚产业许可证制度财政关税政府采购贸易保护主义从价税最低限价本地采购规则增加内需DomesticcontentRed-tapebarriers

10、ExportsubsidiesBindingquotaAbsolutequotasVERTariff-ratequotasZeroquotaBuylocalrulesTariffbarriersnon-tariffbarriersspecificdutiesquotaprotectivetariffmarketfailureinfantindustrylicensingsystemRevenuetariffgovernmentprocurementtradeprotectionismAdValoremDutiesfloorpricebuylocalrulesraisedomesticdeman

11、d国内含量进口环节壁垒出口补贴绑定配额绝对配额自愿出口限制关税配额零配额本地采购原则II1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。.2.IftheRussiansreleasetheirstocksoffinintotheworld

12、market,thepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmakingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更

13、贵，从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variable,orcompound.IntheUnitedStates,theimpositionoftariffsismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.AftersevenRounds”ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade

14、tradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只对进口商品征税。关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。III1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexports.2

15、.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.3.Toexportgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumpingwhichmightbefoughtagainstbygovernmentoftheimportingcountry.4.Atariffmaybeassessedonaperunitbasis,inwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageo

16、fthevalueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvaloremduty.5.Importtariffsprimarilyserveasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssothatcompetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.Chapter3IAPECAsia-pacificEconomicCo-operationFTAAPFreeTradeAgreementofAsiaandthePacificEUEuropeanUnio

17、nNAFTANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementMERCOSURMercadoComunDelConoSur/SouthernCommonMarketASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsEFTAEuropeanFreeTradeAreaAFTAASEANFreeTradeAreaPTAsPreferentialTradeagreementsIITradebloc贸易集团Tradeblock贸易禁运/封锁Openregionalism开放式区域主义Freetradearea自由贸易区Customsunion关税联盟Commonm

18、arket共同市场Economicunion经济联盟Tradeembargoes贸易禁运Boycotts抵制歧视性关税discriminatorytariffs经济制裁economicsanction贸易弹性tradeelasticity双边贸易协定bilateraltradeagreement最惠国mostfavorednationChapter4I.GATTGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeHODHeadsofDelegationsTRIPsTrade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRightsGATSGeneral

19、AgreementonTradeinServicesTRIMsTradeRelatedInvestmentMeasuresMFNMostFavoredNationsII.施惠国Patronagenations受惠国Favorednations缔约国ContractingParties市场准入marketaccess透明度transparency紧急进口措施UrgentImportingMeasures争端解决机制disputesettlementmechanism可持续发展sustainabledevelopment特许经营franchiseIII. 1.UntilnowWTOhasalrea

20、dyhad150membersanditstradevolumecovers90%ofthetotaltradevolumeinthewholeworld.2.TopmostofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhastomeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.UndertheMinisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomeetatGenevaregularly.3.TheWTOSecretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Swizerland,hasaroun

21、d550regularstuffandisheadedbyaDirector-General.SincedecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,theSecretariathasnodecision-makingpowersastheotherinternationalinstitutions.4.TheSecretariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistanceinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvisesgovernmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.Chapter5IFOB

22、班轮条件清关FOB吊钩下交货平舱多式联运船舷内陆水运理舱卸货费投保CFR卸至岸上(含着陆费)班轮单据买卖CFR舱底交货CFR班轮条件象征性交货FOBlinertermcustomsclearanceFOBUnderTackletrimmultimodaltransportshipboardmarinenavigationoninlandwaterwaystowdischargeexpensecoverinsuranceCFRLandedlinerdocumentarysalesCFREx-shipsHoldCFRlinertermssymbolicdeliveryII1.UnderCFR,bu

23、yersshouldeffectinsurance.2.UnderCIFEx-ShipsHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.3.UnderCIF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS$22000ifthecontractedpriceisUS$20000.4.UnderCIP,sellerhastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyersriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.5.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertocleartheg

24、oodsforexport6.TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearanceforimportsandpaymentofallcustomsduty.7.UnderDDP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutiesaswellasallduties,taxesandotherofficialchargespayableuponexportationandimportationofthegoods.8.UnderDDUthesellermustgivethebuyerinstantnotic

25、eoftheshippingofthegoodsaswellasanyothernoticerequiredinordertoallowshebuyertotakemeasure.III1.该报价为FOB的价格并含5的佣金。2.在CPT、CIP项下，“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。3.在FCA项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。如果交货地基于卖方，卖方有装载责任。如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。4.在FOB项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，将货物交至买方指定的船只上。买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。QuestionsYYYYYYYYYYYNYYYYYYYYYYNNNNNYNYNNNNNNNYYYYYYYNYYYYYYYYYYNNNNYYYYYYYVA.1.c;2.d;3.a;4.c;5.c;6.c;7.d;8.b;9.d;l0.cB.1.a;2.ab;3.abcdf;4.