电子信息与通信工程专业英语lesson2-2(太原理工大学版).ppt

1、 Chapter 2 Circuit System and Design Outlinel2.1 Circuit and Systeml2.2 Analog and Digital Circuits Designl2.3 Radio Receiver Circuit 11/6/20221电子信息与通信工程专业英语2.2 Analog and Digital Circuits Design OutlinelAnalog circuits lDigit Circuits11/6/20222电子信息与通信工程专业英语Terminologylbipolar adj.双极型lCMOS abbr.Comp

2、lementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor 互补型金属氧化物半导体lsemiconducting material 半导体材料lIntegrated circuits 集成电路ltransistor n.晶体管lDC abbr.Direct Current 直流lAC abbr.Alternate Current 交流ldigital adj.数字的,计数的lbinary adj.具有两个的;二进制的;二变量的lBoolean algebra 布尔代数lpositive adj.确实的;积极的;肯定的;现实的;正的;阳性的11/6/20223电子信息与通信工程专业英

3、语lnegative adj.否定的,否认的;反面的,消极的反对的;负的;阴极的lhexadecimal adj.十六进制的lnumber system 计数制lCommutative Law 交换律lAssociative Law 结合律lDistributive Law 分配率linverter n.变换器;倒相器,倒换器;反演器;逆变器;“非”门ltruth table n.真值表lcombinational adj.组合的lsequential adj.时序的lFlip-flop n.触发器11/6/20224电子信息与通信工程专业英语lAnalog circuits are circ

4、uits dealing with signals free to vary from zero to full power supply voltage.lAnalog circuits are often referred to as linear circuits to emphasize the valid continuity of signal range forbidden in digital circuits,but this label is unfortunately misleading.IntroductionText tour1.Analog circuitslMo

5、dern circuit design is a mixed signal endeavor thanks to the availability of sophisticated process technologies that make available bipolar and CMOS,power and signal,passive and active components on the same circuit.11/6/20225电子信息与通信工程专业英语lJust because a voltage or current signal is allowed to vary

6、smoothly between the extremes of zero and full power supply limits does not necessarily mean that all mathematical relationships between these signals are linear in the straight-line or proportional sense of the word.Many so-called linear circuits are quite nonlinear in their behavior,either by nece

7、ssity of physics or by design.lThis relative mobility of electrons within a material is known as electric conductivity.Conductivity is determined by the types of atoms in a material(the number of protons in each atoms nucleus,determining its chemical identity)and how the atoms are linked together wi

8、th one another.11/6/20226电子信息与通信工程专业英语 NPN transistorslIn fact,in the most basic and most cost effective analog IC processes,the chip designer has at its disposal just that a good NPN transistor.11/6/20227电子信息与通信工程专业英语lIn this component the current flow enters the collector and base and exits the em

9、itter.Simply stated,the transistor conducts a collector current which is a copy of the base current amplified by a factor of beta.It follows that the emitter current is one plus beta times the base current.A typical value for the amplification factor is 100.11/6/20228电子信息与通信工程专业英语lThe PNP transistor

10、 is complementary to the NPN,with the current flow entering the emitter and exiting the collector and base,the opposite of what happens in the NPN.lSimplicity dictates that PNPs are a by-product of the NPN construction,hence they often have less beta current gain and are slower than NPNs.PNP transis

11、tors11/6/20229电子信息与通信工程专业英语MOS transistorslThe dual of Bipolar NPN and PNP transistors in CMOS technology are the P-Channel and N-Channel MOS transistors.The general function of the transistors is the same independently as their implementation but there are pros and cons to using both technologies.G

12、enerally speaking,the base,the emitter,and the collector of the bipolar transistor are analogous to the gate,source and drain of the MOS transistor,respectively.11/6/202210电子信息与通信工程专业英语l The bipolar transistors main problem,which is not present in CMOS,is their need for a base current in order to fu

13、nction.Such current is a net transfer loss from emitter to collector.While the base current is small in small signal operation,in power applications,where the transistor is used as a switch,the base current necessary to keep the transistor on can be very high.11/6/202211电子信息与通信工程专业英语lThis high base

14、current can lead to implementations with very poor efficiency.With the popularity of portable electronics and the need to extend battery life,it is no wonder that CMOS often tends to have the upper hand over bipolar technologies.The advantage of bipolar over CMOS that it has better trans-conductance

15、 gain and better matching,leading to better differential input gain stages and better voltage references.The best performance processes are mixed-mode BiCMOS(Bipolar and CMOS)or BCD(Bipolar CMOS and DMOS)processes in which the designer can use the best component for the task at hand.11/6/202212电子信息与

16、通信工程专业英语2.Digit Circuits lBoolean algebra fundamentalslThe phrase“Digital electronics”is used to describe those circuit systems which primarily operate with the use of only two different voltage levels or two other binary states.Analog devices and systems process time-varying signals that can take on any value across a continuous range of voltage,current or other metric.The difference is that we can pretend that they dont.11/6/202213电子信息与通信工程专业英语lThe NOT operation changes the value to the comple