电子信息与通信工程专业英语lesson2-2(太原理工大学版).ppt

电子信息与通信工程专业英语lesson2-2(太原理工大学版).ppt

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Chapter2CircuitSystemandDesignOutlinel2.1CircuitandSysteml2.2AnalogandDigitalCircuitsDesignl2.3RadioReceiverCircuit11/6/20221电子信息与通信工程专业英语2.2AnalogandDigitalCircuitsDesignOutlinelAnalogcircuitslDigitCircuits11/6/20222电子信息与通信工程专业英语Terminologylbipolaradj.双极型lCMOSabbr.ComplementaryMetalOxideSemiconductor互补型金属氧化物半导体lsemiconductingmaterial半导体材料lIntegratedcircuits集成电路ltransistorn.晶体管lDCabbr.DirectCurrent直流lACabbr.AlternateCurrent交流ldigitaladj.数字的,计数的lbinaryadj.具有两个的;二进制的;二变量的lBooleanalgebra布尔代数lpositiveadj.确实的;积极的;肯定的;现实的;正的;阳性的11/6/20223电子信息与通信工程专业英语lnegativeadj.否定的,否认的;反面的,消极的反对的;负的;阴极的lhexadecimaladj.十六进制的lnumbersystem计数制lCommutativeLaw交换律lAssociativeLaw结合律lDistributiveLaw分配率linvertern.变换器;倒相器,倒换器;反演器;逆变器;“非”门ltruthtablen.真值表lcombinationaladj.组合的lsequentialadj.时序的lFlip-flopn.触发器11/6/20224电子信息与通信工程专业英语lAnalogcircuitsarecircuitsdealingwithsignalsfreetovaryfromzerotofullpowersupplyvoltage.lAnalogcircuitsareoftenreferredtoaslinearcircuitstoemphasizethevalidcontinuityofsignalrangeforbiddenindigitalcircuits,butthislabelisunfortunatelymisleading.IntroductionTexttour1.AnalogcircuitslModerncircuitdesignisamixedsignalendeavorthankstotheavailabilityofsophisticatedprocesstechnologiesthatmakeavailablebipolarandCMOS,powerandsignal,passiveandactivecomponentsonthesamecircuit.11/6/20225电子信息与通信工程专业英语lJustbecauseavoltageorcurrentsignalisallowedtovarysmoothlybetweentheextremesofzeroandfullpowersupplylimitsdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatallmathematicalrelationshipsbetweenthesesignalsarelinearinthestraight-lineorproportionalsenseoftheword.Manyso-calledlinearcircuitsarequitenonlinearintheirbehavior,eitherbynecessityofphysicsorbydesign.lThisrelativemobilityofelectronswithinamaterialisknownaselectricconductivity.Conductivityisdeterminedbythetypesofatomsinamaterial（thenumberofprotonsineachatomsnucleus,determiningitschemicalidentity）andhowtheatomsarelinkedtogetherwithoneanother.11/6/20226电子信息与通信工程专业英语NPNtransistorslInfact,inthemostbasicandmostcosteffectiveanalogICprocesses,thechipdesignerhasatitsdisposaljustthatagoodNPNtransistor.11/6/20227电子信息与通信工程专业英语lInthiscomponentthecurrentflowentersthecollectorandbaseandexitstheemitter.Simplystated,thetransistorconductsacollectorcurrentwhichisacopyofthebasecurrentamplifiedbyafactorofbeta.Itfollowsthattheemittercurrentisoneplusbetatimesthebasecurrent.Atypicalvaluefortheamplificationfactoris100.11/6/20228电子信息与通信工程专业英语lThePNPtransistoriscomplementarytotheNPN,withthecurrentflowenteringtheemitterandexitingthecollectorandbase,theoppositeofwhathappensintheNPN.lSimplicitydictatesthatPNPsareaby-productoftheNPNconstruction,hencetheyoftenhavelessbetacurrentgainandareslowerthanNPNs.PNPtransistors11/6/20229电子信息与通信工程专业英语MOStransistorslThedualofBipolarNPNandPNPtransistorsinCMOStechnologyaretheP-ChannelandN-ChannelMOStransistors.Thegeneralfunctionofthetransistorsisthesameindependentlyastheirimplementationbutthereareprosandconstousingbothtechnologies.Generallyspeaking,thebase,theemitter,andthecollectorofthebipolartransistorareanalogoustothegate,sourceanddrainoftheMOStransistor,respectively.11/6/202210电子信息与通信工程专业英语lThebipolartransistorsmainproblem,whichisnotpresentinCMOS,istheirneedforabasecurrentinordertofunction.Suchcurrentisanettransferlossfromemittertocollector.Whilethebasecurrentissmallinsmallsignaloperation,inpowerapplications,wherethetransistorisusedasaswitch,thebasecurrentnecessarytokeepthetransistoroncanbeveryhigh.11/6/202211电子信息与通信工程专业英语lThishighbasecurrentcanleadtoimplementationswithverypoorefficiency.Withthepopularityofportableelectronicsandtheneedtoextendbatterylife,itisnowonderthatCMOSoftentendstohavetheupperhandoverbipolartechnologies.TheadvantageofbipolaroverCMOSthatithasbettertrans-conductancegainandbettermatching,leadingtobetterdifferentialinputgainstagesandbettervoltagereferences.Thebestperformanceprocessesaremixed-modeBiCMOS（BipolarandCMOS）orBCD（BipolarCMOSandDMOS）processesinwhichthedesignercanusethebestcomponentforthetaskathand.11/6/202212电子信息与通信工程专业英语2.DigitCircuitslBooleanalgebrafundamentalslThephrase“Digitalelectronics”isusedtodescribethosecircuitsystemswhichprimarilyoperatewiththeuseofonlytwodifferentvoltagelevelsortwootherbinarystates.Analogdevicesandsystemsprocesstime-varyingsignalsthatcantakeonanyvalueacrossacontinuousrangeofvoltage,currentorothermetric.Thedifferenceisthatwecanpretendthattheydont.11/6/202213电子信息与通信工程专业英语lTheNOToperationchangesthevaluetothecomple