最新阅读理解科普环保练习全集及解析.docx

1、最新阅读理解科普环保练习全集及解析最新阅读理解(科普环保)练习全集及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Austral

2、ia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法). Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic

3、mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning. RMITs Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “You need

4、 to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize

5、 plus or minus as abstract concepts.” The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected. “If math doesnt require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both lo

6、ng-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operati

7、ons, requires a more complex level of processing. Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered? A.The rel

8、ationship between brain size and brain power.B.Long-term rules and short term working memory.C.Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.D.Bees can do basic mathematics.（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees numerical cognition _. A.requires addition and subtraction two complex processingB.has a pos

9、sible effect on the future development of AIC.only involves their short-term working memoryD.calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest? A.Bees can recogize the exact number.B.Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C.Numerical cognition has been fou

10、nd in many more species.D.Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of BeesB.New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC.Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of ProcessingD.The Relationsh

11、ip Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。发表在科学进展(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).”澳大利亚

12、证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。”可知，RMIT大学 的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“If math doesnt require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我们也可能有新的

13、方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习，可知，Adrian Dyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operatio

14、ns, requires a more complex level of processing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published i

15、n Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。发表在科学进展(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。”故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, E

16、ngland, to North America-and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic- wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating aro

17、und the worlds oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasnt invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.

18、9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin-the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earths last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam

19、beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyones attention with a rough estimate between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700

20、species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplas-tics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of

21、an inch across. This isnt a problem where we dont know what the solution is, says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recyc

22、le. Its a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic. （1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1? A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent.B.To introduce what marine animals like eating.C.To tell th

23、e Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.D.To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.（2）Whats the main trouble marine animals face according to the text? A.Lacking protection.B.Being stuck by plastics.C.Being caught by humans.D.Treating plastics as food.（3）What does Ted Si

24、egler want to tell us in the last paragraph? A.Some people dont know the solution of plastics waste.B.Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.C.Its time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.D.People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.（4）From which is the text probabl

25、y taken? A.A biology textbook.B.A travel brochure.C.An environmental report.D.A lifestyle magazine.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知 作者提到the Pilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海

26、洋有持久的影响，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。可知选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Its a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocea

27、n turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 Environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic. The worlds cities pro

28、duce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons. The World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. But we often have to buy packaged goods. And often that packaging is made of plastic. Now, that

29、may be changing. A new environmentally-friendly shopping model was recently launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. This shopping model, called Loop, aims to replace throwaway containers with reusable ones. Loop is the idea of Terra Cycle, an American-based recycling company. Its

30、 chief, Tom Szaky told the Associated Press (AP) that removing plastics from the ocean is not enough. He said the point is to get away from single-use packages. Szaky said that Loop is the future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past. He compared it to the milkman model of the 1950s in

31、the United States. Back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zero-waste. Jennifer Morgan from the environmental non-profit organization Greenpeace also joined in the discussion about Loop at Davos. She said that Greenpeace welcomes the aim of the Loop Alliance to move away from throwaway culture and disposability. But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their business models. Loop is set to launch later this