高中英语语法备考大全 专题4 数词.docx

1、高中英语语法备考大全 专题4 数词专题4 数词要点概览数词的构成基数词整数表达法年代表达法时刻表达法电话号码（或车牌号）表达法门牌号（或编号）等表达法计算表达法温度、比分表达法百、干、百万、十亿表达法约略数字表达法序数词 分数、小数、百分比、倍数、四则运算的表示方法要点精讲数词是用来表示数目的，数词一般分为基数词和序数词。一、数词的构成1. 在1-12中，1-12为基数词中的数词；序数词1-3为特殊变化，序数词4-12在基数词词尾加-th。注意 fifth (第五)；ninth (第九)和 twelfth (第十二)的特殊拼写。2. 在13-19中，13-19基数词在数词3-9后加-teen构

2、成。其中13 和15 发生拼写变化 ：thirteen 和 fifteen ，相应序数词在基数词后加-th构成。13-19岁的少年用teens (in ones teens在某人十多岁时)。3. 在20-90整十位数，在基数词2-9之后加-ty构成。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在构成相应的序数词时，将词尾y变i，再加-eth。表示二十多岁等用twenty 等的复数twenties (in ones twenties 在某人二十多岁时)。4. 两位数之间的数，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符。构成序数词时，连字符前为基数词，后为序数词。如：二十五 twenty-five; 第九十九 n

3、inety-ninth.5. 100以上数词,整百位数由1-9加 hundred构成，序数词在词尾加-th；整千位数由1-9加thousand构成，序数词在词尾加-th。在百位和个位之间须加and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one；1201 one thousand two hundred and one ，构成序数词只将最后一个数变成序数词。二、基数词1整数表达法（1）1-10：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten（2）11-13+15：eleven，twelve，thirteen，fifteen（3）

4、1419：fourteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen，nineteen（4）整十的表达法：twenty，thirtyninety（5）整数表达法：twentyone，forty-fourninety-nine2年代表达法1965nineteen sixtyfive2003two thousand and three3时刻表达法（1）整点时刻：5：00five oclock 10：00ten oclock（2）不超过30分钟：11：20eleven twenty (twenty past eleven)（3）超过30分钟：6：45fifteen to seven或

5、a quarter to seven（six forty-five）4电话号码（或车牌号）表达法5499631five four double-nine six three one75084seven five 0 eight four5. 门牌号（或编号）等表达法Room 3Room ThreeNo10Number TenP. 4Page FourLesson 9Lesson Nine6计算表达法2+2=？ What is two and two？7温度、比分表达法零下29度below twenty-nine零上37度above thirty-seven2：l two to one8百、干、

6、百万、十亿表达法hundred，thousand，million，billion9约略数字表达法数以百计hundreds of数以百万计millions of 【即时体验】About _ students went to the picture show that day.A. hundreds of B. two hundreds C. two hundred of D. two hundred解析：“about”意为“大约”，是指具体数量，因此，不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds of”（意为“成百个”）。在表示确定数量时，英语中的“hundred”不加“s”，即不变复数。再由于“

7、students”前没有定冠词“the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介词“of”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。答案：D三、序数词 主要用来表示第，常与走冠词the连用。使用序数词的情况如下：1.序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词the，表示“第几”。Xiao Li was the first person who came to the meeting.小李是第一个来开会的人。This is the second arrow he shot.为是他射出的第二支箭。2.序数词的前边加不定冠词a，表示“再一”、“又一”。Could you give me a third bowl, pleas

8、e? 再给我一碗好吗？（已经吃了两碗）Youll have to do it a second time.你得再做一次。（已经做过一次）四、分数、小数、百分比、倍数、四则运算的表示方法类别说明例词或例句分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母的序数词用复数。1/2 读作 a (one) half1/3 读作 a (one) third1/4 读作a (one) quarter或a (one) fourth4/5 读作four fifths4 2/3 读作four and two thirdsTwo thirds of the earth surface is covered by wa

9、ter.（地球表面的三分之二覆盖着水）小数小数点读作point。小数点后面各数都按个位基数词读；小数点前面仍按基数词读。零读作o或zero.0.7 读作zero point seven 25.25 读作twenty-five point two five百分比百分比由基数词+percent组成 （ % ）2% 读作two percent44% 读作forty-four percent100% 读作one hundred percentMore than 25 percent of the surface of the ground is covered with grass. 百分之二十五以上

10、的地面被草覆盖着。倍数倍数+as+形(副)原级+as倍数+形(副)比较级+than倍数+ the size(length , height , width , etc .)+ of (表示大小或数量的名词)This room is three times as large as that one .This room is two times larger than that one.This room is three times the size of that one .注意：上述三个结构的意义是相同的。汉译表达：这间房是那间房的三倍大 。加减乘除四则运算用基数词表示加号用plus /

11、and减号用minus乘号用times除号用divided by9+8=17， 读作 Nine plus (and) eight is seventeen.11-5=6 ， 读作 Eleven minus five is six.65=30， 读作 Six times five is thirty.357=5， 读作 Thirty-five divided by seven is five.【即时体验】_ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group.A. Threefifths, the B. Threefifth, the C

12、. Threefifths, / D. Threefifth, /解析：英语中，“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词，中间用短横“”连接。当分子大于“一”时，分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中数量用的是“of”词组，即意为“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名词“students”必定是“确指”的，要加定冠词“the”。 所以本题答案应该选“A”。在这里要特别注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”，要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students”的。同样，“the English language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情

13、况。答案：A经典名题1._people in the world are sending information by email every day.A. Several million B. Many million C. Several millions D. Many million答案：A解析：在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用。在表示不确切数目时用复数，例如：表示“数百万”，英语为millions of。译文：每天，世界上有百十万人通过email传递信息。 2._ of the land i

14、n that district _covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth.is B. Two fifth.are C. Two fifths.is D. Two fifths.are答案：C解析：分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。如果分子大于1，序数词后加-s。分数和百分比作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后的名词。句子中的主语land是单数，所以谓语动词要用is covered。 3. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles. A. the thr

15、ee times weight of B. three times the weight ofC. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as 答案：B解析：表示倍数的词数放在the weight of前，意思是“重量的几倍”。 4. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles. A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight ofC. as three times heavy as D

16、. three times as heavier as 答案：B解析：表示倍数的词数放在the weight of前，意思是“重量的几倍”。 5. An accident happened at_ crossroads a few metres away from_ bank.A. aa B. /a C. /the D. the/答案：A解析：at a crossroads表示“在十字路口”，crossroads“十字路口”是复数形式单数用法；bank是可数名词，不能单独使用(要加冠词或复数)，又非特指，不能用the。此处是泛指，前面要用不定冠词a。6. Smith _ me to buy s

17、everal _ eggs for the dinnerA. askeddozen B. suggesteddozens of C. haddozen D. persuadeddozens of答案：A解析：“dozen +复数名词”前除了用具体数词修饰外，还可以用several, many 修饰，如several dozen people, many dozen students等，dozen 不加s。7. Mr. Smith _ me to buy several _eggs for the dinner party. A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozen

18、s of C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens 答案：A解析：dozen前有具体数字或some, several等修饰时要用单数形式;have作使役动词时,应该用省略to的动词不定式作宾补。8. It is not rare in _that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education. A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 答案：D解析：根据题意,第一空应表示年代; 第二空表示在50多岁的时候。9

19、. _ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 答案：C解析：“五分之二”应为two fifths; land是不可数名词,谓语动词应使用单数形式。10. It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice

20、 much as D. twice as much 答案：D解析：倍数应位于as.as结构之外。备考要略数词在高考中虽然不像其它词类那么热，但也有其考查的重点和难点，须引起注意。1.考查基数词的用法（1）基数词hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数目时,其词尾不能加-s,其前面可用数词或several, some等修饰;当表示笼统数目时,其词尾要加-s,可跟of连用,其前不能用数词,但可以用several, some等修饰。（2）dozen和score的用法要注意以下几点: a. dozen与数词或many, several等连用时,不加-s,所修饰的名词前常省去of

21、。如two (many, several) dozen pencils。但是,在a dozen of these / those people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of,这是习惯用法。b. two score of people中应加of,但在three score and ten people(70人)中,不加of。c. 表示几十;许多时,可使用dozens of; scores of形式。（3）注意年龄、年代的表达法。表达在某人几十岁时用in ones +逢十的基数词复数;表达在几十年代时,用in the +逢十的基数词复数。2.考查序数词的用法序数词一般由基数

22、词+th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示再一;又一时,前面要用不定冠词a(an)。3.考查分数和百分数的用法表示几分之几或百分之几的人或物时,须在分数或百分数和人或物之间加of。若充当主语,谓语动词的数须与of后的名词保持一致。4.考查倍数的表达法英语中表达倍数常用下列句型: （1）A is three / four.times the siz

23、e / height / length / width.of B. （2）A is three / four.times as big / high / long / wide.as B. （3）A is three / four.times bigger / higher / longer / wider.than B. 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。真题再现1.（2010全国）Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dr

24、ess.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn答案：B解析：考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of .为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A2.（2009山东）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. h

25、as been D. have been 答案：C 解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。3.(2007陕西) As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area .A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair答案：A解析：本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。分数、百分数修饰名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，此处two-

26、thirds修饰buildings，故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings ，排除B、C两项，need doing=need to be done意为“需要被做”。4.(2007浙江) It is reported that the floods have left about people homeless.A. two thousand B. two-thousandsC. two thousands D. two thousands of答案：A解析：本题考查数词的用法。hundred， thousand， million， billion， dozen， score等指具体数字时，

27、不用复数形式；指大约数字时，常用复数形式。如：one hundred，two thousand，three million，hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores of。5.(2006北京) She went to the bookstore and bought .A. dozen books B. dozens booksC. dozen of books D. dozens of books答案：D解析：dozen与数词或many，several连用时其后不加s；dozen前有基数词表示确切数字时，其后一般不与of 连用。专项

28、练习1.What time is it now? It is A. eleven and thirty Beleven thirty C. thirty eleven Deleventhirty2. She has been skating forA. three and a half years Bthree and half a year Cthree and a half year Dthree years and half3I have to write a _ composition every other week A. six-hundred-words Bsix-hundred

29、swords C. six-hundredsword Dsix-hundredword4The hall can hold people A. five hundred and fifty five B. five hundred fifty-five C. five hundred and fifty-five D. five hundreds and fifty five5.There are eight classes in our gradeIm in _ . A. Grade Three，Class Two B. Class Two，Grade Three C. grade thre

30、e，class two Dclass two，grade three6.1990s is read in English as_ A. twenty ninth Btwenty ninths C. nineteen nineties Dnineteen ninety7We are going to learn _ next weekA. Lesson Four BLesson Fourth C. Fourth Lesson Fourth Dthe Lesson8. He left his hometown Awhen he thirties Bin the thirties C. in his thirties Dat thirties9. The number 2548 is read as . Atwo thousands and five hundreds and forty and eightB. two thousand, five hundred and fo