热点16 疫苗接种及其巨大作用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读.docx

1、热点16 疫苗接种及其巨大作用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点16 疫苗接种及其巨大作用一、阅读理解1Its been over a year since COVID-19 first appeared and the virus continues to be a problem in many parts of the world,scientists have realized the development of vaccines (疫苗) is a solution to the pandemic. A global effo

2、rt to vaccinate as many people as possible would be needed, since vaccines typically take years to develop.On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department. However, these vaccines must be stored at very low temperatures, which is not possible ev

3、erywhere. In response, Chinese companies like Sinopharm and Sinovac have developed vaccines that can be kept at normal temperatures.Now, vaccines are being rolled out all over the world, with millions of people being vaccinated every day. In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so fa

4、r. Meanwhile, the US has given out 247 million doses. The UK now stands at 50 million doses.Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading. The world

5、 has come to understand that the vaccines will protect us. Therefore, sharing vaccines has become a key factor of staying safe and healthy worldwide.Unfortunately, not everyone can get the vaccine yet. Children below the age of 16 cant be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them. Tho

6、se who have a history of vaccine allergies (过敏) shouldnt get it, either.1. The vaccine developed by _ cannot be stored at normal temperatures.A. UK health department B. SinopharmC. Sinovac D. Pfizer2. According to the passage, _ million vaccine doses had been given so far in China.A. 50 B. 247 C. 28

7、5 D. 5823. In paragraph 4, the underlined word rumors” probably means _.A. 谎言 B. 谣言 C. 建议 D. 骗局4. The purpose for vaccinating as many people as possible is to _.A. build mass immunity B. share the vaccinesC. develop vaccines quickly D. get everyone vaccinated5. In paragraph 5, the word “they”, in th

8、e underlined sentence refers to _.A. children B. companies C. vaccines D. experts【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C【解析】本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。1. 细节理解题。根据“On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department”可知

9、，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。2. 细节理解题。根据“In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。3. 词义猜测题。根据“Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in

10、order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。4. 细节理解题。根据“most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。5. 词义猜测题。根据“Children be

11、low the age of 16 cant be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。2Have you gotten vaccinated? This question has become a common way to greet others in China since the country produced a number of COVID-19 vaccines(疫苗) in December last yea

12、r. China plans to vaccinate 40 percent of its population by June, 2021. At the same time, China is also providing vaccines for other countries. It is exporting(出口) COVID-19 vaccines to 28 countries and giving help to 69 countries in need, Xinhua reported. Most of these countries are developing natio

13、ns, such as Pakistan, Mongolia and Mexico. The leaders of these countries are taking the lead in receiving vaccine shots. They include Indonesian President Joko Widodo and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera. According to the World Bank, to vaccinate(接种) their citizens, small and medium-sized develop

14、ing nations could have ended up a year behind larger developing nations and developed countries. Some wealthier nations have already stored many vaccine doses(剂) for their own citizens. Some of them have ordered enough vaccines to vaccinate their populations two or three times, The Washington Post r

15、eported. For countries that have not yet developed or gotten a vaccine, China may be the only answer, AP noted. China is one of the few nations that can produce vaccines on a large scale(大批量). China joined COVAX in October 2020, a mechanism(机制) organized by the World Health Organization, to make sur

16、e that all members get the vaccines in the future. China has decided to offer 10 million vaccines to COVAX, Xinhua reported.6. From Paragraph 2, we know that _.A. some people have questioned the safety of Chinese vaccinesB. China has only sent vaccines to nearby Asian countriesC. Chinese vaccines ha

17、ve been welcomed in many countriesD. China offers vaccines to all other countries for free7. As for COVID-19 vaccines, small and medium-sized developing nations _.A. have received help from western countriesB. have fallen behind in vaccinating their citizensC. have stored enough vaccines for their c

18、itizensD. have started to develop their own vaccines8. What is the correct order for the following events according to the passage?a. China produced COVID-19 vaccines. b. 40 percent of Chinese receive vaccine shots. c. Many leaders in less developed countries received vaccine shots. d. China joined

19、COVAX.A. a-d-c-b B. d-a-c-b C. d-a-b-c D. a-d-b-c9. What can be inferred(推断) from the passage?A. The COVID-19 will oon end.B. Chinese COVID-19 vaccines are cheaper and safer than others.C. China is the only country to develop COVID-19 vaccines.D. China might offer COVID-19 vaccines all over the worl

20、d.10. Where is the text most probably from?A. A news website. B. A learning website. C. A travel website. D. A geography website.【答案】6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的疫苗已经帮助了一些国家，并且还会帮助越来越多的国家和地区。6. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The leaders of these countries are taking the lead in receiving vaccine shot

21、s. They include Indonesian President Joko Widodo and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera.”可知，中国疫苗在许多国家都很受欢迎。故选C。7. 细节理解题。根据文中“According to the World Bank, to vaccinate(接种) their citizens, small and medium-sized developing nations could have ended up a year behind larger developing nations and develop

22、ed countries.”可知，至于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗，中小型发展中国家在为本国公民接种疫苗方面已经落后。故选B。8. 细节理解题。通读全文可知，下列事件的顺序应是：(d) China joined COVAX in October 2020,中国在2020年10月加入了COVAX；(a) China produced COVID-19 vaccines in December last year. 去年12月中国生产了大量新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗；(c) Many leaders in less developed countries received vaccine shots. 许多欠发

23、达国家的领导人接种了疫苗；(b) China plans to vaccinate 40 percent of its population by June, 2021. 中国计划到2021年6月，为40% 的人口接种疫苗。故选B。9. 推理判断题。根据文中“China joined COVAX in October 2020, a mechanism(机制) organized by the World Health Organization, to make sure that all members get the vaccines in the future. China has de

24、cided to offer 10 million vaccines to COVAX, Xinhua reported.”可推知，中国可能会在世界各地提供新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗。故选D。10. 篇章结构题。短文主要介绍了中国的疫苗已经帮助了一些国家，并且还会帮助越来越多的国家和地区。故文章可能来自一个新闻网站。故选A。3Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines（疫苗）to help protect people against the novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）. They are

25、making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready.There are many different ways to make vaccines. At least 115 different vaccines for the novel coronavirus are being developed around the world right now. Many of them may not work or may have side effects that can be dangero

26、us. That is why testing is very important.Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, its first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe. Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases（阶段）. In Phase 1, a small group of people are given small amounts of the vaccine to see if it

27、has any bad effects. Phase 2 still tests the vaccines safety, but its mainly a test to see if the vaccine seems to work, If Phase 2 goes well, the vaccine can begin Phase 3. During Phase 3, the vaccine is tried on a much larger group of people to see how well it works.Because of the serious and worl

28、dwide impact（影响）of the novel coronavirus, there is huge pressure to develop a working vaccine quickly. It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well. Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.But health experts also warn that rushin

29、g too much could be dangerous. A vaccine with harmful effects could cause more problems than it solves.11. According to the passage, the scientists who are making vaccines are _.A. hard-working and careful B. patient and easy-goingC. kind and curious D. caring and brave12. How long does it take to c

30、reate working vaccines in the usual way?A. Less than six years. B. More than ten years.C. Twelve to eighteen months. D. About seven years.13. Which of the following is TRUE?A. There are only three phases in testing vaccines.B. Working vaccines must be created in a short time.C. Vaccines have already

31、 been developed.D. Rushing too quickly in creating vaccines may bring more problems.14. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Rush for a Vaccine B. Fight against the DiseaseC. Protect People against the Virus D. Create Working Vaccines【答案】11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒

32、的疫苗的研发工作，虽然已经取得一些进展，但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长时间。文章还介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间，测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。11. 推理判断题。根据“Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccinesBefore a vaccine is ever tested on humans, its first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe”可知，科学家们都在竞相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，并且在疫苗研发期间作大量的测试以确保对人类的身体无害，因此研发疫苗的科学家是勤奋并且仔细的。故选A。12. 细节理解题。根据第四段“It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well”可知，开发出一种安全有效的疫苗通常需要大约七年时间