热点16 疫苗接种及其巨大作用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读.docx

热点16 疫苗接种及其巨大作用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读.docx

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热点16疫苗接种及其巨大作用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读

备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练

热点16疫苗接种及其巨大作用

一、阅读理解

1

It’sbeenoverayearsinceCOVID-19firstappearedandtheviruscontinuestobeaprobleminmanypartsoftheworld,scientistshaverealizedthedevelopmentofvaccines（疫苗）isasolutiontothepandemic.Aglobalefforttovaccinateasmanypeopleaspossiblewouldbeneeded,sincevaccinestypicallytakeyearstodevelop.

OnDec2,2020,thefirstCOVIDvaccine,thePfizervaccine,wasapproved（批准）byUKhealthdepartment.However,thesevaccinesmustbestoredatverylowtemperatures,whichisnotpossibleeverywhere.Inresponse,ChinesecompanieslikeSinopharmandSinovachavedevelopedvaccinesthatcanbekeptatnormaltemperatures.

Now,vaccinesarebeingrolledoutallovertheworld,withmillionsofpeoplebeingvaccinatedeveryday.InChina,285millionvaccinedoses（剂量）hadbeengivensofar.Meanwhile,theUShasgivenout247milliondoses.TheUKnowstandsat50milliondoses.

Althoughtherehavebeenrumorsaboutvaccinesbeingunsafe,mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity（群体免疫）inordertostopthevirusfromspreading.Theworldhascometounderstandthatthevaccineswillprotectus.Therefore,sharingvaccineshasbecomeakeyfactorofstayingsafeandhealthyworldwide.

Unfortunately,noteveryonecangetthevaccineyet.Childrenbelowtheageof16can’tbevaccinatedbecausetheyhavenotyetbeentestedonthem.Thosewhohaveahistoryofvaccineallergies（过敏）shouldn’tgetit,either.

1.Thevaccinedevelopedby________cannotbestoredatnormaltemperatures.

A.UKhealthdepartmentB.Sinopharm

C.SinovacD.Pfizer

2.Accordingtothepassage,________millionvaccinedoseshadbeengivensofarinChina.

A.50B.247C.285D.582

3.Inparagraph4,theunderlinedword‘‘rumors”probablymeans________.

A.谎言B.谣言C.建议D.骗局

4.Thepurposeforvaccinatingasmanypeopleaspossibleisto________.

A.buildmassimmunityB.sharethevaccines

C.developvaccinesquicklyD.geteveryonevaccinated

5.Inparagraph5,theword“they”,intheunderlinedsentencerefersto________.

A.childrenB.companiesC.vaccinesD.experts

【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A5.C

【解析】本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。

1.细节理解题。

根据“OnDec2,2020,thefirstCOVIDvaccine,thePfizervaccine,wasapproved（批准）byUKhealthdepartment”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。

2.细节理解题。

根据“InChina,285millionvaccinedoses（剂量）hadbeengivensofar”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。

3.词义猜测题。

根据“Althoughtherehavebeenrumorsaboutvaccinesbeingunsafe,mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity（群体免疫）inordertostopthevirusfromspreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。

4.细节理解题。

根据“mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity（群体免疫）inordertostopthevirusfromspreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。

5.词义猜测题。

根据“Childrenbelowtheageof16can’tbevaccinatedbecausetheyhavenotyetbeentestedonthem”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。

2

Haveyougottenvaccinated?

ThisquestionhasbecomeacommonwaytogreetothersinChinasincethecountryproducedanumberofCOVID-19vaccines（疫苗）inDecemberlastyear.

Chinaplanstovaccinate40percentofitspopulationbyJune,2021.Atthesametime,Chinaisalsoprovidingvaccinesforothercountries.Itisexporting（出口）COVID-19vaccinesto28countriesandgivinghelpto69countriesinneed,Xinhuareported.Mostofthesecountriesaredevelopingnations,suchasPakistan,MongoliaandMexico.Theleadersofthesecountriesaretakingtheleadinreceivingvaccineshots.TheyincludeIndonesianPresidentJokoWidodoandChileanPresidentSebastianPinera.

AccordingtotheWorldBank,tovaccinate（接种）theircitizens,smallandmedium-sizeddevelopingnationscouldhaveendedupayearbehindlargerdevelopingnationsanddevelopedcountries.Somewealthiernationshavealreadystoredmanyvaccinedoses（剂）fortheirowncitizens.Someofthemhaveorderedenoughvaccinestovaccinatetheirpopulationstwoorthreetimes,TheWashingtonPostreported.

Forcountriesthathavenotyetdevelopedorgottenavaccine,Chinamaybetheonlyanswer,APnoted.Chinaisoneofthefewnationsthatcanproducevaccinesonalargescale（大批量）.

ChinajoinedCOVAXinOctober2020,amechanism（机制）organizedbytheWorldHealthOrganization,tomakesurethatallmembersgetthevaccinesinthefuture.Chinahasdecidedtooffer10millionvaccinestoCOVAX,Xinhuareported.

6.FromParagraph2,weknowthat________.

A.somepeoplehavequestionedthesafetyofChinesevaccines

B.ChinahasonlysentvaccinestonearbyAsiancountries

C.Chinesevaccineshavebeenwelcomedinmanycountries

D.Chinaoffersvaccinestoallothercountriesforfree

7.AsforCOVID-19vaccines,smallandmedium-sizeddevelopingnations________.

A.havereceivedhelpfromwesterncountries

B.havefallenbehindinvaccinatingtheircitizens

C.havestoredenoughvaccinesfortheircitizens

D.havestartedtodeveloptheirownvaccines

8.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingeventsaccordingtothepassage?

a.ChinaproducedCOVID-19vaccines.

b.40percentofChinesereceivevaccineshots.

c.Manyleadersinlessdevelopedcountriesreceivedvaccineshots.

d.ChinajoinedCOVAX.

A.a-d-c-bB.d-a-c-bC.d-a-b-cD.a-d-b-c

9.Whatcanbeinferred（推断）fromthepassage?

A.TheCOVID-19willoonend.

B.ChineseCOVID-19vaccinesarecheaperandsaferthanothers.

C.ChinaistheonlycountrytodevelopCOVID-19vaccines.

D.ChinamightofferCOVID-19vaccinesallovertheworld.

10.Whereisthetextmostprobablyfrom?

A.Anewswebsite.B.Alearningwebsite.

C.Atravelwebsite.D.Ageographywebsite.

【答案】6.C7.B8.B9.D10.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了中国的疫苗已经帮助了一些国家，并且还会帮助越来越多的国家和地区。

6.主旨大意题。

根据第二段中“Theleadersofthesecountriesaretakingtheleadinreceivingvaccineshots.TheyincludeIndonesianPresidentJokoWidodoandChileanPresidentSebastianPinera.”可知，中国疫苗在许多国家都很受欢迎。

故选C。

7.细节理解题。

根据文中“AccordingtotheWorldBank,tovaccinate（接种）theircitizens,smallandmedium-sizeddevelopingnationscouldhaveendedupayearbehindlargerdevelopingnationsanddevelopedcountries.”可知，至于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗，中小型发展中国家在为本国公民接种疫苗方面已经落后。

故选B。

8.细节理解题。

通读全文可知，下列事件的顺序应是：

（d）ChinajoinedCOVAXinOctober2020,中国在2020年10月加入了COVAX；（a）ChinaproducedCOVID-19vaccinesinDecemberlastyear.去年12月中国生产了大量新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗；（c）Manyleadersinlessdevelopedcountriesreceivedvaccineshots.许多欠发达国家的领导人接种了疫苗；（b）Chinaplanstovaccinate40percentofitspopulationbyJune,2021.中国计划到2021年6月，为40%的人口接种疫苗。

故选B。

9.推理判断题。

根据文中“ChinajoinedCOVAXinOctober2020,amechanism（机制）organizedbytheWorldHealthOrganization,tomakesurethatallmembersgetthevaccinesinthefuture.Chinahasdecidedtooffer10millionvaccinestoCOVAX,Xinhuareported.”可推知，中国可能会在世界各地提供新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗。

故选D。

10.篇章结构题。

短文主要介绍了中国的疫苗已经帮助了一些国家，并且还会帮助越来越多的国家和地区。

故文章可能来自一个新闻网站。

故选A。

3

Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtocreateandtestvaccines（疫苗）tohelpprotectpeopleagainstthenovelcoronavirus（新冠病毒）.Theyaremakingprogress,butitwillbequiteawhilebeforeanyvaccinesareready.

Therearemanydifferentwaystomakevaccines.Atleast115differentvaccinesforthenovelcoronavirusarebeingdevelopedaroundtheworldrightnow.Manyofthemmaynotworkormayhavesideeffectsthatcanbedangerous.Thatiswhytestingisveryimportant.

Beforeavaccineisevertestedonhumans,it'sfirsttestedonanimalstomakesureitseemssafe.Testingthevaccineonhumansisdoneinseveraldifferentphases（阶段）.InPhase1,asmallgroupofpeoplearegivensmallamountsofthevaccinetoseeifithasanybadeffects.Phase2stillteststhevaccine’ssafety,butit'smainlyatesttoseeifthevaccineseemstowork,IfPhase2goeswell,thevaccinecanbeginPhase3.DuringPhase3,thevaccineistriedonamuchlargergroupofpeopletoseehowwellitworks.

Becauseoftheseriousandworldwideimpact（影响）ofthenovelcoronavirus,thereishugepressuretodevelopaworkingvaccinequickly.Itnormallytakessevenormoreyearstodevelopasafevaccinethatworkswell.Nowdrugcompaniesarehopingtocreateworkingvaccinesin12or18months.

Buthealthexpertsalsowarnthatrushingtoomuchcouldbedangerous.Avaccinewithharmfuleffectscouldcausemoreproblemsthanitsolves.

11.Accordingtothepassage,thescientistswhoaremakingvaccinesare____________.

A.hard-workingandcarefulB.patientandeasy-going

C.kindandcuriousD.caringandbrave

12.Howlongdoesittaketocreateworkingvaccinesintheusualway?

A.Lessthansixyears.B.Morethantenyears.

C.Twelvetoeighteenmonths.D.Aboutsevenyears.

13.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Thereareonlythreephasesintestingvaccines.

B.Workingvaccinesmustbecreatedinashorttime.

C.Vaccineshavealreadybeendeveloped.

D.Rushingtooquicklyincreatingvaccinesmaybringmoreproblems.

14.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.RushforaVaccineB.FightagainsttheDisease

C.ProtectPeopleagainsttheVirusD.CreateWorkingVaccines

【答案】11.A12.D13.D14.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒的疫苗的研发工作，虽然已经取得一些进展，但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长时间。

文章还介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间，测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。

11.推理判断题。

根据“Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtocreateandtestvaccines…Beforeavaccineisevertestedonhumans,it'sfirsttestedonanimalstomakesureitseemssafe”可知，科学家们都在竞相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，并且在疫苗研发期间作大量的测试以确保对人类的身体无害，因此研发疫苗的科学家是勤奋并且仔细的。

故选A。

12.细节理解题。

根据第四段“Itnormallytakessevenormoreyearstodevelopasafevaccinethatworkswell”可知，开发出一种安全有效的疫苗通常需要大约七年时间