初二下.docx

1、初二下八年级下英语知识点整理第一单元：反身代词反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不

2、要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)课文内容主要是以谈论健康问题、事故等，要求学生掌握一些病痛的单词以及词组。此外用should/shouldnt 表示建议。-ache词组 headache toothace backache 等重点词组: have a cold, take breaks, get off, right away, get into, cut off, give up2009年29. L

3、ook! The boy is making a toy plane by .A. itself B. myself C. yourself D.himself反身代词考察较少，此外表示建议用should/shouldnt 也很少。表示建议考察较多为通常为what about. How about. Would you like .等句型。后面跟动词ing及 to do 不定式结构。第二单元：不定式 to do1. 不定式做宾语Id like to help homeless people.2. 不定式做状语She volunteers there once a week to help ki

4、ds learn to read.3. 不定式做宾语补足语You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.用could句子表示提供建议。How about what about+ing重点词组：clean up, cheer up, give out, hand out, give away, care for, fix up, put off, come up with, call up, take after, try out, set up, put up, help out, give up, ru

5、n out, 2009济南 60. My dear son， if you picked up that horseshoe， you would have your own strawberries 60 . A. to drink B. to ride C. to use D. to eat2010济南47. Lots of football fans plan the FIFA World Cup in South Africa.A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watched2011济南39. They decided at the end of t

6、his month. A. to leave B. going back C. travel D. not start out013济南52. It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children _ down quietly.A. sit B. sat C. to sit D. SittingHe gives it nice food to eat, and every morning he gets up early (92) _ it for a walk. (take)2014济南41. Would you like _ Emil

7、y and Carol?Of course. I hear they are twins and play the piano well. A. to meet B. meets C. met D. meet不定式考察较为频繁，但是学生可能会做题目，因为背过短语。但是具体到不定式做什么成分可能不会清楚，所以在教学的时候稍微带过一下就好，以免讲多了，学生分不清楚。第三单元：could用于礼貌的请求，could用于许可Could引导的一般疑问句表示更加礼貌的请求，不是过去时，在宾从选择题好多同学把它当过去时，虽然做题能作对，但是理解是错误的。请看例句：Could I go out for dinn

8、er with my friends? Sure , that should be OK. Could we get something to drink after the movie? No, you cant. You have a basketball game tomorrow. Could you please take the dog for a walk? OK, but I want to watch one show first.重点词组：all the time, as soon as, in order to, depend on, take care of, take

9、 out, go out, stay out, help out, help with考察率基本为0。第四单元：Why dont you.句型 给予建议， 连词until, so that, although用法注意句型转换：Why dont you go hiking on holidays? = Why not go hiking on holidays?连词until用于肯定句中而且动词必须为持续性的动词。Wait here until I come back.so that 引导目的状语从句， so.that 引导结果状语从句，注意其区分。You should work harder

10、so that you can pass the final coming exams. 表示目的You are so tired that you cant work well. 表示结果Although引导让步状语从句，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中，although与but不能连用。Im as tall as my cousin although hes older than me.重点词组：look through, work out, get on with, compare.with, in ones opinion2011济南28. our football team faile

11、d in the match, we did our best. A. Though B. But C. Because D. As考察较少。但学生应注意掌握灵活运用句型到写作当中增加亮点。第五单元：when 与while引导的句子时态区分When和While的区别 when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也

12、可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如： a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in. b. They were singing while we were dancing. when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“

13、在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如： a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。重点词组：go off, pick up, fall asleep, die down, have a look, make ones way, take down, as fi

14、rst考察基本为0。第六单元：连词unless/as soon as/so.that unless 引导的条件状语从句as soon as 引导的时间状语从句so. that 引导的结果状语从句学会区分一些词组比如: continue to do/ continue doing Keep on doing/ keep doingStop doing/stop to do unless引导的条件状语从句，相当于if not，注意区分主从句以及相应的主从句时态。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。You will not pass the final coming exams unless you

15、 work harder.as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，意思为 一.就。注意区分主从句以及相应的主从句时态。I will go to play basketball as soon as I finish the homework.so.that 引导的结果状语从句，不再陈述。见上文。重点词组：continue to do continue doingcontinue to do 继续做另一件事情(已经完成一件工作) After he finished reading a novel, he continued to play games with his friends. 他读完

16、小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。 continue doing 继续做同一件事(还没完成) After a rest, he continues his reading. 稍事休息后，他继续看书。keep on ding keep doingkeep doing. 是指主语一直不间断做某事而keep on doing 是指反复做同一个动作。stop to do stop doing stop to d停止做某件事，再去做另一件事。 Stop doing是指停止做某事（可以理解为当前的事）重点词组：try to do 尽力做 try doing 尝试做Turn into, fall in love,

17、get married, a little bit, instead of, 【2012山东济南】39. Lin Shuhao is _famous _ all the basketball fans in China know him. A. too, to B. enough, to C. so, that D. as, as第七单元：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级之前学习过比较级和最高级，本课在进行拓展的同时，用特殊形式的比较级和最高级进行互换。比较级也可以表示最高级的意思。例句: Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. Qomol

18、angma is higher than any other mountain. 重点词组：feel free, take in, walk into, fall over, or so, as far as I know, in the face of, at birth, up to 2014济南42. Im as tall as my cousin although hes _ than me. A. old B. older C. oldest D. young2013济南41. Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works _ than he

19、r.A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest【2012山东济南】40. Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda? Yes. Im _ at drawing than her. A. better B. good C. well D. best2011济南29. Xian is one of capital in China. A. older, city B. the older, cityC. oldest, cities D. the oldest, cities37. children

20、 there are in a family, their life will be. A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the betterC. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer2010济南32.Is that Tom? He is tall.Yes, Tom is the in his class.A. clever B. taller C. tallest D. thin2009济南33. Lily and Jane are both good al singing.Who sings ？A, nice R. well

21、C. better D. the best比较级考察频繁，是初中重点语法点。但是随着年数的增长，考察点也越来越简单，学生只要根据标志词than 判断出比较级来之后，再根据句意进行选择。第八/九/十单元：现在完成时基本基本概念：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。现在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。 I have already finished reading it. 一般疑问句: have/has+动词的过去分词ave you read Little Women yet?肯定回答/否定

22、回答Yes, I have./ No, I havent.表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks

23、 ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表

24、示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：-Where is Mr Li? He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ -Do you know something about Beijing? Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：瞬间性动词的完成时延续性动词或状态动词的完成时have(already)gone toh

25、avebeen in / at for (two years)hascome tohasbeen heresince (1990)(had)left(had)been away fromarrivedbeen indiedbeen deadbegunbeen onendedbeen overbought.hadborrowedkeptjoinedbeen in 或者使用下面这个句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+过去时间状语注意 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long

26、 may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)重点词组：full of, hurry up, ever since, one another, a couple of, thousands of, on the one hand, on the other hand, all year round, according to, to be honest, as for, check out, part with, no longer, close to 2014济南48. How long have your parents _? For

27、about 15 years.A. left their hometown B. got to Jinan C. joined the ping-pong club D. worked in this cityHe (91)_ to many countries since he was 18 years old. （be）2013济南54. How long has Robert _d_? Since 2004.A. been to Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school“Y

28、es, I (94) _ the dog for almost ten years.（keep）【2012山东济南】41. Do you know Tom? Sure, we have _in the same village for many years. A. left B. lived C. come D. goneFor Joan, the bird (95)_her friend since she brought it home. （）2011济南75. The panda has been (die) for about two months. 2009济南45. How lon

29、g can I the book?哪些单词是可持续的For three weeks. But you cant lend it to others.A. see B. borrow C. keep D. look现在完成时济南中考是这样考察的，单选里面基本是以how long 提问的句子，4个选项都是现在完成时，由于how long对一段时间进行提问，所以考察的是现在完成时的持续性用法，要求学生选择延续性动作或状态。二卷根据词的适当形式填空中，都是for和since的时间短语，要求学生看到之后判断出句子时态为现在完成时，然后根据单词的适当形式填空就可以了。有一年变die为has been dead，其他都是be的现在完成时have/has been的形式。