组织行为学英文版(第13版)ch05.pptx

1、Copyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.5-1Copyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.Chapter 5:Personality and Values5-2Copyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.LearningObjectivesAfter studying this chapter,you should be able to:Describe personality,the way it is measured,and the factors that shape it.Describe the Myers

2、-Briggs Type Indicator personality framework and its strengths and weaknesses.Identify the key traits in the Big Five personality model.Demonstrate how the Big Five traits predict behavior at work.Describe how the situation affects whether personality predicts behavior.Contrast terminal and instrume

3、ntal values.Compare generational differences in values.Identify Hofstedes five value dimensions of national culture.5-3Copyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.DescribePersonality,theWayItIsMeasured,andtheFactorsthatShapeItDefining PersonalityPersonality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and devel

4、opment of a persons whole psychological system.The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.LO 15-4Copyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.Managers need to know how to measure personality.Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is

5、 best for a job.The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys.LO 15-5DescribePersonality,theWayItIsMeasured,andtheFactorsthatShapeItCopyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.Personality DeterminantsIs personality the result of heredity or environment?Heredity refers to those

6、factors that were determined at conception.The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individuals personality is the molecular structure of the genes,located in the chromosomes.LO 15-6DescribePersonality,theWayItIsMeasured,andtheFactorsthatShapeItCopyright2015PearsonEducation,I

7、nc.Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics.Shy,aggressive,submissive,lazy,ambitious,loyal,and timid.These are personality traits.Early efforts to identify the primary traits that govern behavior often resulted in long lists that were difficult to generalize fr

8、om and provided little practical guidance to organizational decision makers.LO 15-7DescribePersonality,theWayItIsMeasured,andtheFactorsthatShapeItCopyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.DescribetheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicatorPersonalityFrameworkandItsStrengthsandWeaknessesOne of the most widely used personal

9、ity frameworks is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI).Individuals are classified as:Extroverted or Introverted(E or I)Sensing or Intuitive(S or N)Thinking or Feeling(T or F)Perceiving or Judging(P or J)INTJs are visionaries.ESTJs are organizers.ENTPs are conceptualizers.LO 25-8Copyright2015Pearson

10、Education,Inc.IdentifytheKeyTraitsintheBigFivePersonalityModel1.Extraversion2.Agreeableness 3.Conscientiousness 4.Emotional stability 5.Openness to experience LO 35-9Copyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.LO 45-10DemonstrateHowTheBigFiveTraitsPredictBehaviorAtWorkCopyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.Demonst

11、rateHowTheBigFiveTraitsPredictBehaviorAtWorkLO 45-11Copyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.The five factors appear in almost all cross-cultural studies.Generally,the findings corroborate what has been found in U.S.researchOf the Big Five traits,conscientiousness is the best predictor of job performance.L

12、O 45-12DemonstrateHowTheBigFiveTraitsPredictBehaviorAtWorkCopyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.The Dark Triad1.Machiavellianism the degree to which an individual is pragmatic,maintains emotional distance,and believes that ends can justify means.2.Narcissism the tendency to be arrogant,have a grandiose

13、sense of self-importance,require excessive admiration,and have a sense of entitlement.3.Psychopathy the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm.LO 45-13DemonstrateHowTheBigFiveTraitsPredictBehaviorAtWorkCopyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.

14、Approach-AvoidanceThe approach-avoidance framework casts personality traits as motivations.Approach motivation is attraction to positive stimuli.Avoidance motivation is our aversion to negative stimuli.LO 45-14DemonstrateHowTheBigFiveTraitsPredictBehaviorAtWorkCopyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.Other

15、 Personality Traits Relevant to OBCore Self-Evaluation bottom line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities,competence,and worth as a person.Self-Monitoring measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,situational factors.Proactive Personality people who ide

16、ntify opportunities,show initiative,take action,and persevere until meaningful change occurs.LO 45-15DemonstrateHowTheBigFiveTraitsPredictBehaviorAtWorkCopyright2015PearsonEducation,Inc.DescribeHowtheSituationAffectsWhetherPredictsBehaviorPersonality and SituationsSituation strength theory indicates that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation.The degree to which norms,cues,or standards dictate appropriate behavior.ClarityConsistencyConstraintsConseq