高考主谓一致精讲与练习.docx

1、高考主谓一致精讲与练习英语语法主谓一致精讲主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致；2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致；3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 例：There is much water in the thermos.热水瓶里有很多水。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.去年产碳1万吨。1. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 例：

2、Reading and writing are very important.读和写非常重要。注意： 主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.铁和钢对我们的生活非常重要。2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例：a) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

3、 桌上有一只笔，一把刀和几本书。b) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有20个男生，23个女生。2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例：a) Either you or she is to go. 你或她会去。b) Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.这

4、儿有一只笔，一些信封和给你的几张纸。3. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例： a) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。 b) He as well as I wants to go boating.我和他都想去划船。4. 谓语需用单数 1） 代词each和由every, some, no,

5、any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。例： a) Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每个人都有一台录音机。 b) There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出了点儿问题。2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。3） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可

6、，意思不变。)例： a) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 有三周的时间来做必要的准备。 b) Ten yuan is enough.10元钱就够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1） 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例： a) All is right.一切顺利。 b) All are present.所有人都到齐了。2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,

7、audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。例： a) His family isnt very large.他家不是一个大家庭。 b) His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。Are there any police around? 周围有警察吗？3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proport

8、ion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。例：a) A number of books have lent out.许多书已经借出去了。b) The majority of the students like English. 大多数学生都喜欢英语6. 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。例：a) Most of his money is spent

9、on books. 他的大多数钱都用来买书了。b) Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大多数学生都积极参加体育运动。2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例： a) Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。 b) More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分

10、之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。英语语法专项练习-主谓一致 主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than,

11、rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are use

12、ful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰

13、时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若

14、主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of

15、 us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如:

16、 the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been

17、 visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的

18、大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的

19、名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committ

20、ee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire.(三) 就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.He

21、re is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or

22、you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。主谓一致练习1. About 60 percent of th

23、e students _ from the south, the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are2. Half of the workers here _ under 30 _.A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age3. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are

24、 playing C. plays D. is playing4. The number of pages in this dictionary _ about two thousand.A. are B. has C. have D. is5. Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A. are B. is C. were D. be6. The audience _ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A. is B. are C. was D. has7. The secretar

25、y and principal _ at the meeting now.A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech8. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/he

26、r9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left10. Having arrived at the station, _.A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had leftC. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left11. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Sk

27、yscraper Tower.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand12. Either of you _ going there tonight.A. will B. was C. is D. are13. You as well _ right.A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was15. - Shall I wait here for three hour

28、s? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for youC. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _ at the meeting.A. have not discussed B. have not been discussedC. has not discusse

29、d D. has not been discussed17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _ very important for me to make further research in this field.A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are18. Every student and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has att

30、ended the meeting D. is attended the meeting19. Three fourths of the bread _ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _ left on the table.A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was20. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her21.There _ no life on the moon

31、.A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be 22.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hillA. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leavesC. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs23.My family raise a lot of _, including two_.A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles24.What he says and what he does_.A. does not agre