人教八年级下Unit 3讲练测.docx

1、人教八年级下Unit 3讲练测Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Section A知能新视窗 本节主要学习一些表示家务活动的动词短语，以及Could you please?句型表示有礼貌地提出请求和应答。名师开小灶1. Peter, could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾拿出去吗？(1) could为情态动词can的过去式，其本身也是情态动词，意为“能，可以”，比can在语气上更加委婉和有礼貌。Could之后须跟动词原形。回答could提问的句子时，若是肯定回答则用Sure, Certainly等

2、；若是否定回答则用No, I cant. Sorry, Im afraid not.等。如： Could you clean the classroom? 你可以把黑板擦干净吗？Sure. 当然可以。Could you come to my birthday party? 你能来参加我的生日聚会吗？Im afraid not. 恐怕不行。【链接】提出建议的表达方式：英语中有多种表达方式提出建议或征求意见。大多语气比较委婉，显得客气而有礼貌。主要有下面几种情况： 主语是第一人称I或we，可以用Shall I?或Shall we?引起疑问句，以表示建议，并征求对方意见。如：Shall we go

3、out for a walk? 我们去散散步吧？Shall I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗？ 可以用Lets来提出建议。如：Lets go to a movie this evening, shall we? 今晚我们去看电影，好吗？Lets make it a little earlier. OK? 我们就早一点，好吗？ 可以用What / How about?来提出建议。如：What about something to drink? 来点喝的如何？How about going for a picnic with me? 和我去野炊怎么样？ 用Why not?来提

4、出建议。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? 为何不在8点钟的时候在校门口集合？ Why dont we stay here another day? 我们为什么不在这儿再待一天呢？ 用Would you like.?来提出建议。如： Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝一杯茶吗？ Would you like to go shopping with me? 你愿望和我一起去购物吗？(2) take out意为“取出，拿出”。是“动词+副词”短语，当代词作宾语时，代词应放在out之前。如：Please take ou

5、t your books. 请把书拿出来。【拓展】与take有关的短语：take part in参加 take off 脱下，（飞机）起飞take care of 照顾，关心 take down 取下take lessons 上课 take exercise 锻炼take away 带走 take walks 散步take the subway 坐地铁 take a vacation 去度假2. I have to go to a meeting. 我必须去参加一个会议。(1) have to意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形。其第三人单数现在式是has to；其时态有各种形式。进行各种句式变

6、换时要用助动词。如：I have to do the laundry myself. 我必须自己洗衣服。She has to sweep the floor. 她必须打扫地板。They will have to finish their homework before class. 他们必须在课前完成作业。We had to stay at home last Sunday. 上周我们不得不呆在家里。【辨析】must, have to 两者都有“必须”的意思，但must强调主观的看法，have to强调客观的需要。如果用来指现在，两者可以互换。Have to可用于多种时态且有人称和数的变化，m

7、ust只用于一般现在时且无人称和数的变化。如：Its dark. I have to go now. 天黑了，我得走了。We must clean the classroom every day. 我们每天必须打扫教室。 用于否定句时，mustnt表示“决不可以”，而dont have to表示“不必”，相当于neednt。如：We mustnt go across the street when the traffic light is red. 交通灯亮时我们一定不能横穿马路。We dont have to tell her about it. 这件事我们不必告诉她。(2) meeting

8、是名词，意思是“会议”。got to a meeting意为“去开会”，而have a meeting意为“开会”。如：We have a class meeting every Friday afternoon. 每周五下午我们开班会。 Is your father going to a meeting? 你父亲要去开会吗？3. Sorry, Im going to work on it now. 对不起，我这就要用。work on意为“从事， 忙于”。on是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。如：He is working on the math problem. 他在算那道数学题。The wr

9、iter is working on writing a new book. 那位作家正忙着写一本新书。4. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做琐碎的事。hate作动词，意为“不喜欢，讨厌，恨”，没有进行时态，与dislike意义相同。hate后面可接to do，也可接doing，意义无大差别，只是to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作，而doing更多表示习惯性、经常性、一般性的动作。这与like的用法一样。如：I hate him. 我讨厌他。I hate working late. 我不喜欢上夜班。I hate to trouble the teacher. 我不想去麻烦老

10、师。5. Do you like to do the laundry? 你喜欢洗衣服吗？当询问他人是否喜欢做某事时可用“Do you like?”这一句型，like后可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但跟动名词时，侧重于习惯性的动作。如：I like working at night. 我喜欢晚上做事。Do you like playing computer games? 你喜欢玩电脑游戏吗？6. Its boring. 那太无聊了。(1) it指上文中提到的“do the laundry”，本句完整的意思是“Its boring to do the laundry.”或“To do the laun

11、dry is boring.”。是动词不定式充当句子的主语。如：Its easy to work out the problem. 解决这个问题很容易。Its important to learn English. 学英语是重要的。(2) boring是形容词，在句中可以作定语，也可作表语，意为“无聊的，没趣味的”。该词与bored(厌倦的，烦闷的)虽然都是形容词，但bored的主语指人，而boring的主语指物。如：Its boring to play computer games. 玩电脑游戏无聊。Are you bored with my story? 我的话使你感到厌倦吗？实战演练场夯

12、实基础一、根据汉语提示完成单词。1. I often practice spoken English with my _ (同伴) in class.2. The boy _ (讨厌) doing chores.3. Where were you just now?I was in the _ (洗衣店).4. Could you please _ (清扫) the room?5. His _ (起居室) is very big and bright.二、根据汉语意思完成句子。1. 我经常晚饭后帮妈妈洗碗。 I often help my mother _ _ _.2. 你能把垃圾拿出去吗？

13、Could you please _ _ _ _?3. 每天起床后我要整理自己的床铺。 I _ _ _ after I get up every day.4. 我不能和你一起去，我得擦地板。 I cant go out with you. I have to _ _ _.5. 你自己叠衣服吗？ Do you _ _ _ by yourself?6 我妈妈要求我晚上不要在外呆得太久。 My mother asks me not to _ _ _ at night.7. 明天我们要去开一个会。 We are _ _ _ _ tomorrow.8. 我喜欢在电脑上工作。 I like to _ _

14、a computer.9. 昨天我的自行车坏了，我只得搭车回家。 My bike was broken yesterday. I had to _ _ _ home.10. 我们应该在家做做家务事。We should _ _ at home.三、句型转换。1. I have to clean my room once a day. (改为一般疑问句) _ you _ to clean your room once a day?2. Could you please go to the movies with me tonight? (作出肯定回答) _, _ _.3. Lily neednt

15、finish her homework today. (改为同义句) Lily _ _ _ finish her homework today.4. The boy hates playing computer games. (改为同义句) The boy _ _ playing computer games.5. Could you sweep the floor? (作出否定回答) _, you _.能力提高四、补全对话。A: Hey, Mom. Can I invite my friends to the party on Sunday afternoon?B: 1._ But you

16、have to do some chores first.A: What do I have to do?B: Well, first you could sweep the kitchen floor.A: OK. 2._B: Then you could take out the trash.A: Yeah. 3._B: And you need to clean your room.A: Wow! Im going to be too tired to go to my own party!B: 4._ Ill go to the store for drinks and snacks.

17、A. Ill help you. B. Then what? C. Thanks, Mom.D. Sure, you can. E. I can do that.A: 5._Section B知能新视窗 本节继续学习could you please do sth.?表示建议或请求的句型。学会写电子邮件来向朋友请求帮助。名师开小灶1. borrow some money. 借点钱。borrow意为“借，借入”，常与from连用，表示“从某人那里借到某物”。如：May I borrow a dictionary from you? 我可以向你借一本词典吗？I borrowed a message

18、from the library a moment ago. 刚才我从图书馆借了一本杂志。【辨析】borrow, lend, keep borrow和lend表示“借”时，borrow指“借入”。而lend指“借出”，常构成“lend sth. to sb.”和“lend sb. sth.”结构。如： Could you lend me some money? =Could you lend some money to me?你能借给我一点钱吗？Could I borrow some money from you? 我可以向你借一点钱吗？ keep是延续性动词，表示“借”时，可以与一段时间连用

19、，而borrow和lend是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用。如：You can keep the novel for a month. 这本小说你可以借一个月。How long may I keep your MP3? 你的MP3我可以借多久？Only one day. 仅一天。2. Thanks for taking care of my dog. 谢谢你照看我的狗。(1) thank既可人作名词也可作动词，都有“谢谢”之意。在该句中thank为名词。Thanks for意为“谢谢某人做了某事”，介词for后可跟名词、代词或动名词，此句相当于Thank sb. for。如： Thanks f

20、or your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 Thanks for telling me the good news. 谢谢你告诉我那条好消息。 【金钥匙】thank作名词时只能用复数形式。(2) take care of意为“照顾，照看”，相当于look after， care for。表示“好好照顾”用take good care of。如： Please take good care of your things by yourself. 你自己照看好东西。 Can you help me to take care of my little sister? 你能照顾我的小妹妹吗？3. Gi

21、ve him water and feed him. 给他喂水和食物。(1) give及物动词，后可接双宾语give sb. sth，也可用give sth. to sb.这一结构。如： Give the letter to Maria. =Give Maria the letter.请把这封信交给玛丽亚。 【金钥匙】当某物是代词时，不宜用give me + 代词。如： 误：Give him it. 正：Give it to him.(2) feed 作及物动词，意为“喂养，饲养”。常用于这些结构中：feed+宾语+on sth.，feed sth. to +宾语，feed+宾语+with s

22、th.，feed+宾语+sth.。如： She feeds the baby on / with milk. 她喂婴儿牛奶。 We feed the cows with grass. 我们用草来喂牛。 He feeds some fish to the cat. 他把鱼喂给猫吃。 feed作不及物动词时，意为“以为食”，常与on连用。如： Sheep feed on grass. 羊以草为食。 4. Play with him. 和他一起玩。(1) play with表示“玩，玩弄”，一是指动物或小孩的无意识行业；二是指一种不严肃的行为。如： Its dangerous to play wit

23、h fire. 玩火是危险的。 The little boy is playing with the ball. 那个小男孩在玩球。(2) play用作及物动词时，后可以接不同的名词或代词作宾语，其含义也不相同。接表示“人”的名词或代词作宾语，意思是“和比赛”；其后接表示球类或活动类的名词（名词前不能用the）时，意思是“打（踢）球，做/玩”；其后接表示“乐器”的名词（名词前须用冠词）时，意思是“弹，拉，演奏”。如： Who are you going to play? 你们将和谁比赛？ The boys are playing basketball. 男孩子们在打篮球。 She likes

24、to play computer games. 她喜欢玩电脑游戏。 Do you like to play the guitar? 你喜欢弹吉它吗？5. Dont forget to clean his bed. 别忘了清理他的床。(1) 本句是一个祈使句的否定形式。“Dont do sth.”表示“不要做某事”。祈使句的肯定形式用“Do sth.”来表示。如： Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。 Dont look out of the window. 别向窗外看。(2) forget to do sth. 意为“忘记去做某事”，指事情没有做。当forget后接动名词

25、时，意为“忘记做了某事”，指事情已做了。如： Dont forget to bring some food and drink for the picnic. 别忘记带野炊的食物和饮料。 I forgot passing the letter. 我忘记曾经发过信。 【链接】remember的用法亦如此。6. Have fun! 祝你玩得痛快！(1) have 在此表示祝福。如：Have good grades! 祝你取得好成绩！ Have a good health! 祝你健康！(2) have fun后接动词时，用动名词。如： They had fun playing football ye

26、sterday. 昨天我们踢足球很愉快。(3) have fun中的fun是不可数名词，可用a lot of修饰。如： We had a lot of fun last Sunday. 上个星期天我们玩得非常愉快。7. When you come over on Saturday, could you help me sweep the floor? 你星期六过来的时候，能帮我擦洗地板吗？(1) come over在本句中的意思是“过来”或“顺便来访”。如： Could you come over to my house this Sunday? 星期天你到我家来一下好吗？(2) help s

27、b. (to) do sth. 表示“帮助某人做某事”。如： I always help my mother clean the house on Sunday. 我总是在星期天帮妈妈打扫房子。 【金钥匙】help sb. (to) do sth.可以与help sb. with sth. 进行同义转换。如： He often helps me study English. =He often helps me with English. 他经常帮我学英语。8. Could you buy some? 你能买一些吗？some意思是“一些”，可以作代词也可作形容词。作代词时，一般独立充当句子的主

28、语或宾语，本句中的some是代词，充当宾语；作形容词时，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。常用于肯定句或表示建议、请求的疑问句或希望对方作出肯定答复的疑问句中。如： Would you like some tea? 你要茶吗？All right. 好的。【辨析】some, any这两个词都表示“一些”，可以修饰可数名词的复数，也可修饰不可数名词。但some用于肯定句中，或表示建议、请求或希望对方做出肯定答复的疑问中，而any常用于否定句和一般疑问句中。如：I have some good friends here. 我在这里有好朋友。Do you have any good friends here?

29、 你在这里有好朋友吗？I dont have any good friends. 我没有好朋友。实战演练场夯实基础一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。1. My friend often b_ my pen. But he never returns (归还) it.2. Tomorrow Im going to have a party. Id like to i_ my friends to it.3. I have different ideas from yours. I really d_ with you.4. I have a pet cat. I have to f_ it wi

30、th some fish every day.5. I like music very much. I want to buy a new CD p_.二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Do you often watch TV in the _ (live) room?2. Could you do the _ (shop) with me?3. I hate to do _ (chore) in the morning.4. Sam is going to a _ (meet) now.5. Thank you for your _ (invite).6. Could you let me get a _ (ride)?7. We hav