关于德伯家的苔丝悲剧的分析 精品.docx

1、关于德伯家的苔丝悲剧的分析 精品本科生毕业论文On Tess of DUrbervilles Analysis of the Tragedy关于“德伯家的苔丝”悲剧的分析院 系： 外国语系专 业： 英 语 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 2008年6月 ContentsAcknowledgements.Abstract.摘要1 Introduction.11.1 Introduction to the Author and the Novel.11.2 Previous Study of Tesss Tragedy and the Problems.22 The Authors Concep

2、t on Fate and the Heroines Tragedy.43 Analysis of Tesss Tragedy.63.1 Analysis of Tesss Family.63.2 Analysis of the Social Background.83.3 Analysis of Tesss Character.123.4 Analysis of the Male Factors in Tesss Tragedy.144 Conclusion.16References.18Acknowledgements The accomplishment of this thesis r

3、esults from the help of many: Hereby I would like to express recognition and gratitude to those who made this thesis possible. First of all, I am particularly indebted to my supervisorZhou Changjun, whose valuable and constructive suggestion, comments, and encouragements were given to me throughout

4、the duration of writing this thesis. It is a great honor for me to study under his guidance, for not only have I benefited from his profound knowledge, but also from his modest personality and his attitudes towards academic study. Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to other pro

5、fessors and teachers, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past four years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their unconditional love and support all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who encouraged and helped me in

6、the past four years. It is just because of the contributions of these people, whether mentioned or not, that this thesis is able to be completed. To every one of them, I give my most sincere thanks.AbstractThomas Hardy was once called “Shakespeare in British novel.” He looked at the life in the visi

7、on of tragedy; He experienced and described peoples suffering under the fierce impact of two civilizations in a tragic method and unique male way; He described the poor Tesss short and unfortunate life in an epic way. Tess, a daughter of a poor villager who discovers that he is the descendent of an

8、ancient family DUrbervilles is persuaded by her parents to claim kindred with a more prosperous DUrbervilles and is seduced by the master, Alec. And then she has to return home in disgrace. After giving birth to a child who dies in infancy, she meets Angel Clare, son of a clergyman, and she fails in

9、 love with him and marries him. On their wedding night Tess and Angel tell each other about their past. Angel who gets the hypocritical morality deserts her because of her seduction by Alec; then poverty makes her come back to Alec again and tragedy happens. The tragedy of Tess is both the social tr

10、agedy and simultaneously also the disposition tragedy. Her tragedys origin is not only objective, moreover is also subjective. This paper tells us that Tess is the victim of the bourgeois society and capitalist invasion into the English peasantry. By analyzing the familys poverty, the social backgro

11、und, her own character, injustice and hypocrisy, the male chauvinism factors, the authors concept on fate, etc, this paper presents the main causes of Tesss tragedy.Key words: Tess; tragedy; social background; character; victim; law; morality关于“德伯家的苔丝”悲剧的分析摘要 托马斯哈代曾一度被评论家誉为“英国小说中的莎士比亚”。他擅长于以悲剧的眼光审视人

12、生，以悲剧性感悟方式和独特的男性话语去体验和刻画两种文明的激烈撞击给人们带来的现实苦难。他用史诗般的文字描写了贫穷的农家女子苔丝短促而不幸的一生。苔丝是一个贫穷农民的女儿, 他的父亲获悉自己本是骑士世家德伯家的嫡系子孙, 于是便派苔丝去附近一个富户德伯家认本家，从而遭遇到亚力克的引诱而失身，苔丝回家以后生下一个孩子，不久后夭折。在农场做工的时候，他遇到了安琪儿一个牧师的儿子，两个人很快坠入爱河并且订了婚，新婚之夜，苔丝向安琪儿坦白了自己的遭遇，可是安琪儿却未能原谅他，反而离开了他。后来，贫穷再一次迫使苔丝回到了亚力克身边，于是悲剧发生了。苔丝的悲剧不仅是社会的悲剧同时也是性格的悲剧。他的悲剧不

13、仅是客观的 更是主观的。这篇论文告诉我们苔丝是资产阶级社会和资本主义入侵农村的受害者。导致主人公苔丝悲惨命运的原因是多方面的，如家庭、社会、宗教、不公平的法律、传统的伦理道德及自身的弱点等。这篇论文通过分析19世纪的英国社会背景，苔丝的家庭背景，男权主义，苔丝自身的性格以及作者哈代的宿命观来挖掘造成苔丝悲惨命运的主要原因。关键词：苔丝；悲剧；社会背景；性格；受害者；法律；道德1 Introduction1.1 Introduction to the Author and the Novel:Thomas Hardy is an outstanding reality writer in Vic

14、torian era. He has superior intelligence and traditional feelings, but his view is gloomy and melancholy. He is convinced that the conflict between human nature which is internal, external and subjective and nature or the social environment which is objective is inevitable. Son of a mason, Thomas Ha

15、rdy was born near Dorchester, the area that later became the famous “Wessex” in many of his novels. At 16, he was apprenticed to a local architect, but architecture was never his desired profession. So he changed to write poetry. When that failed, he began to write novels. Most of his novels are set

16、 in Wessex which is fictional primitive and crude rural region. They are known in an agricultural setting menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. Tess of the DUrbervilles: A pure woman, published in 1891, is one of the best and most popular works by Hardy. It tells a love tragedy of a seduced

17、rural girl. Tess, a poor peasant girl brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, persuaded by her mother, she goes to claim kindred with a more prosperous branch of the DUrbervilles family. And there she is seduced by the young master of the house, Alec, and then has to return home in

18、disgrace. After giving birth to a child who dies in infancy, she meets Angel Clare, son of a clergyman, and she fails in love with him and marries him. On their wedding night Tess and Angel tell each other about their past. After hearing Tesss confession, Angel leaves her abruptly for Brazil. Povert

19、y forces Tess to work at a farm Flintcomb Ash where she is insulted and ill-treated by master. Then her fathers death and the expulsion of her family from their cottage drive her to seek for assistance from Alec, and the later now a preacher, soon resumes his former illicit relations with her. Angel

20、 Clare returns repentant and ready to be reconciled to Tess, but the girl finds that her living with Alec hinders her from returning to Ange1. She kills Alec and is speedily arrested, tried and hanged. With Tesss death the tragedy ends (Chen, 2000: 69).Through the molding of Tess, Hardy shows the fe

21、males tragic fate under the rule of male and exposes the hypocrisy of moral and religious in British society of 19th century, also shows strong humanitarian spirit and strong sense of pessimism.From a close study of the novel, we can find: Tess is beautiful, pure, honest, kind-hearted, hard-working,

22、 brave, self-sacrifice and self-resistance. Therefore she is a typical victim of that society, its poverty of her family forces Tess to claim kindred with Alec and finally be seduced. Angel who gets the hypocritical morality deserts her because of her seduction by Alec; those two men: one robed her

23、virginity and purity, and the other abducted her Love in the wedding night and abandoned her, while obviously they are rivals, but together they promote her to the final destruction. Then poverty makes her come back to Alec again and tragedy happens. The familys poverty, social cruelty, injustice an

24、d hypocrisy make her tragic fate. The tragedy of Tess is both the social tragedy and simultaneously also the disposition tragedy. Her tragedys origin is not only objective, moreover is also subjective. Tess is a brand-new woman model which Hardy molds. She has the dual dispositions. On the one hand

25、she dares to revolt against the traditional virtues and the false religion; On the other hand she cannot get rid of the traditional virtues thoroughly to own fetters.Through the analysis of Tesss tragic fate, this paper gives readers a deeper understanding of Hardys tragedy critical realism works.1.

26、2 Previous Study of Tesss Tragedy and the ProblemsIn many years, the image of heroine Tess enjoys popular support and is impressive. The author Hardy also became the outstanding reality writer for this masterpiece in 19th-century England and had far-reaching impact on future generations.On the analy

27、sis of Tesss tragic fate, there are many related articles at home and abroad, for example, in He Hongwei and Huang Mujians paper (2007: 46), they think that in Tesss tragedy, Angels ruthless; Tesss view of love and male chauvinism in Victorian era caused her tragic fate. However, they didnt mention

28、the social background and the poverty of Tesss family, for that are also very important in Tesss tragedy. In The Tragedy of the Social Origins and Social Mirror of Tesss Tragedy, Yu Dongmei wrote that the heroines tragedy is the result of complicated conflict between the character and environment. T

29、his principle is also not comprehensive. Yu Yanhua of Daqing Normal University (2007: 38) considered that the root cause of Tesss tragedy is social factors. However, the benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdomdifferent people have different views. But I think that all of their views are n

30、ot comprehensive, because any formation of a tragedy is impossible to have one or two factors. In the novel of Tess of DUrbervilles, the heroines tragedy have many factors, not only objective factors, such as the social background and the concept of male supremacy, more subjective factors, such as,

31、the greed of Tesss parents and Tesss own character, besides, the author Thomas Hardys tragic fate concept is also indispensable.2 The Authors Concept on Fate and the Heroines TragedyFatalism is “that view of life which says all actions is controlled by the nature of thing or by fate which is a great impersonal, primitive force existing through all eternity absolutely independent of human will and superior to any