及英语六级真题及答案详解.docx

1、及英语六级真题及答案详解 2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part Writing (30minutes)1现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2其目的各不相同3在我看来 The Certificate CrazePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the pre

2、sident of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoins efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. It is our r

3、esponsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places, he told aNEWSWEEKreporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black st

4、udents made it to graduation day in several recent classes.If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America, says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. But if you l

5、ook at who walks across the stage for a diploma, its still largely the white, upper-income population.The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educa

6、ted than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college but their graduation rates fall

7、far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at

8、 public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison one of the top five or so prestigious public universities graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the Univer

9、sity of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees,

10、 only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference betwe

11、en white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools Harvard, Yale, and Princeton show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that

12、may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lain Gainer, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are desc

13、endants of American slaves.Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student, says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. If they fail, its their fault. Some critics blame affirmative action st

14、udents admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are under matched: they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to comm

15、unity colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill knowing full well that the students wont make it. The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with l

16、oads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end, says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of atten

17、ding a four-year public university after financial aid equaled 28% ofmedian(中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind u

18、p deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year. But

19、such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city scho

20、ols adjust to therigor(严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a laser like focus on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost(教务长)Damon Williams.State

21、and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepare Tory courses. The newer tren

22、d is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have

23、little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the

24、 graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. We went through a dramatic shift, says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushedmentoring(辅导) of minorities by other students and partnering with parents at a special pre-enrollment sessi

25、on. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部

26、分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. What is the authors main concern about American higher education?A)The small proportion of minority students. B)The low graduation rates of minority students.C)The growing conflicts among ethnic groups. D)The poor academic performance of students.2. What was the pride of President Ba

27、rry Mills of Bowdoin College?A) The prestige of its liberal arts programs . B)Its ranking among universities in Maine.C)The high graduation rates of its students. D) Its increased enrollment of minority students.3. What is the risk facing America?A) Its schools will be overwhelmed by the growing num

28、ber of illegal immigrants.B)The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.C)More poor and non-white students will be denied access to college.D) It is going to lose its competitive edge in higher education.4. How many African-American students earned their degrees in Califor

29、nia community colleges according to a recent review?A)Fifty-six percent. B)Thirty-nine percent. C) Fifteen percent D) Sixty-seven percent.5. Harvard, Yale, and Princeton show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates mainly because .A) Their students work harder B)They recruit the best

30、students C) Their classes are generally smaller D) They give students more attention6.How does Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust view minority students failure to get a degree?A) Universities are to blame. B)Students dont work hard.C)The government fails to provide the necessary support. D) Affirma

31、tive action should be held responsible.7. Why do some students drop out after a year or two according to the author?A) They have lost confidence in themselves. B)They cannot afford the high tuition.C)They cannot adapt to the rigor of the school. D) They fail to develop interest in their studies.8.To

32、 tackle the problem of graduation gap, the University of Wisconsin-Madison helps minority students get over the stereotype that _.9. For years, private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have provided minority students with _ during the summer before freshman year.10. Washington and Lee University is cited as an example to show that the gap of graduation rates between whites and minorities can _.Part IV