人教版高中英语必修第二册全册各单元语法.docx

1、人教版高中英语必修第二册全册各单元语法Unit 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE定语从句(3)一、 限制性定语从句【观察】This is the computer that/which/(省略)he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子 买的电脑。The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher.在地震中幸存的那 个女人是埃米的英语老师。Hes a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重其意见的人。This is the same pen

2、as I bought yesterday.这支笔和我昨天买的笔一样。(同样的但不是同 一个)That was a time when the two countries were at war.那是两国交战的时期。This is the reason why he was late yesterday.这就是他昨天迟到的原因。This is the farm where we worked when we were young.这就是我们年轻时在此干活的农 场。【归纳】限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的佳g，用于修饰和限定先行词。 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整O这种从句和主句的关系十分

3、密切,两者之间不用 逗号 分开。关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代 词有 who、whom、whose that、which、as,关系副词有 where、when、why。二、 限制性定语从句需要注意的问题1.在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况：【观察】Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?李老师讲的所有东西你都记下来了吗？ All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。【归纳】(1)先行词为 all、everything litt

4、le、few、none、nothing、anything、much 等 不定代 词_时。【观察】When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.半人们谈 及杭州时，第一个想到的就是西湖。【归纳】(2)先行词是 序数词 或被序数词修饰时。【观察】This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。【归纳】(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。【观察】The only thing that she

5、could do was go to the police station for help.她唯一能做的事就是 去警察局求助。This is the very book that Mother has been looking for.这就是妈妈一直在找的那本书。【归纳】(4)先行词被 all、every、no、the only、the very、the last 等 修饰 时。【观察】Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的 人和事吗？【归纳】(5)当 先行词 既有人乂有物时。【观察

6、】Which is the car that killed the man?哪辆车撞死了 那个人？【归纳】(6)主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时常用that 。2.当先行词是表示时间的time、day等或表示地点的place、house等时，一定要注意分析 从句的结构。【观察】I still remember the day that/which/（省略）we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们在 那个城市一起度过的那一天。This is the room where Lau Shaw once lived.这是老舍曾经居住过的房间。【归纳】根据从句结构，

7、如果缺少主语、宾语或表语，关系词应用which或that（作宾语或 表语时可省略）,缺少时间状语或地点状语时才能用when或where 。3 “介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句【观察】Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那 一天吗？We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。【归纳】“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用who或that。如果 先行词指“”,用“介词+whom

8、”;如果先行词指“物”,用“介词+which”； 关系代词有时也用whose（作定语）。（2）“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词的确定【观察】This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。【归纳】1根据与先行词搭配的 意:义。【观察】In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help 在漆黑的大 街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。Trading leather shoes is the career to which t

9、he Greens are devoted.做皮鞋生意是格林一家 非常投入的事业。【归纳】2根据从句中动词或形容词的 固定搭配O【名师点津】在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look foi listen to、 pay attention to、take care of 等不能把介词移至 which 或 whom 之前。The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.（误）【观察】The colorless gas without which we cannot live is

10、 called oxygen.这种无色的、没有它我们 就无法生存的气体被称为氧气。【归纳】3根据句子的 意思O【观察】I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Lu Xun.我有大约 10 本书，其中一半是 鲁迅写的。【归纳】4表示“所有”关系或嚏体中的一部分”时，通常用介词 _oC。单句语法填空1.They were well trained by 什wir masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.解析考查定语从句。句意:它们被主人训

11、练得很好，这些主人在照顾这些动物方面 经验丰富。分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词masters,指人，故填 who/that o2.Their child is at the stage whew she can say individual words but not full sentences解析 考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于只会说单个的词不会说完整的句子的 阶段。先行词为stage,关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用whereo3.The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally e

12、ngaged（参 与）in academic life.解析考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些全力参与学术生活的学 生。those作先行词时，关系代词一般用whoo4.We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.解析考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。先行词为 an age（个时代），关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。5.Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical

13、comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who/that tries to win a movie stars love during a cross-country train journey.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:克里斯汀肯诺恩斯和彼得盖勒在贝蒂康登和阿 道夫格林编写的音乐喜剧中担任主角，这部喜剧是关于一个在穿越全国的火车旅行中试 图赢得一位电影明星喜爱的白老汇制片人。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Broadway producer,关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人。故用关系词who/that

14、o6.Publishers already in business, people who/that were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:已经开始营业的出版商，即那些拥有成功报纸的 人，并不想改变这一传统。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people,指人，关系词在从句中 作主语。故填who/thato7.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that/which directs them to turn a

15、long with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:镜子是山一台电脑控制的,这台电脑指示它们全 天随太阳转动，在刮风的天气里关闭。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a computer,指物, 关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词that/which。8.In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them.解析考查限制性定语

16、从句。句意:在咖啡馆里,顾客将在为他们创造的历史环境中 尽情享受。设空处引导定语从句，修饰指物的先行词environment,且关系词在从句中作主 语,故填关系代词that/whicho9.No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my sons nursery and who/that recognized my face解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:她一离开我家的门阶，我就收到两位女士的邮件, 她们的孩子和我儿子上一个幼儿园，并且她们认出了我。第一空引导定语从句

17、，先行词为 women,关系词在从句中作定语，用关系词whose;笫:空引导定语从句，先行词为women, 关系词在从句中作主语，用关系词who/thato10.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:当一种猎物变得稀缺时，如果掠食动物会转向捕 食更容易找到的另一物种，这种转变会使最初的那种猎物恢复。设

18、空处引导定语从句，先 行词species被不定代词another修饰。故用关系词thato11.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that/which people arent already familiar with.解析 考查限制性定语从句。句意:它也不需要一种人们还不熟悉的新型技术。设空 处引导定语从句，先行词为technology,关系词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，指物，故填 关系词 that/whicho12.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come

19、 up with a low-cost device（装置） that/which gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们已经想 出了一种低成本的、能解决这个问题的装置:智能键盘。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 device,关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物，故填关系词that/which。13.Then theres the kind of popularity that/which appears in adolescence: status born of power and e

20、ven dishonorable behavior.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:然后在青春期出现了这种流行:权力和甚至不光 彩的行为所产生的地位。先行词为popularity,关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填that 或 which o14.The reason why I love western music is that the piece of music named Fate Symphony by Beethoven has inspired me a lot to move on when I am in difficulty.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:我喜欢西方音乐的

21、原因是山贝多芬创作的名为 命运交响曲的这首曲子在我困难的时候给了我很大的鼓舞，让我继续前进。先行词表 示原因，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语。故填why。15.For football and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good me什iod,but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent.解析考查限制性定语从句。句意:对于足球和篮球来说，在一个球队中增加有天赋 的球员证明是一个好方法，但只有达到70%的球员是顶级人才的情况。先行词p

22、oint表示 情况”为抽象地点。故用关系词whereo16.On a regular day,students at the school sometimes come up to him to say theyre not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break.解析 考查限制性定语从句。句意:在一个正常的日子里，学校的学生有时会来找他 说他们感觉不舒服，或者其他时候告诉他课间休息时发生的事悄。设空处引导定语从句， 关系词在从句中作主语,先行词something为不定代词，引

23、导限制性定语从句的关系词只 能用thato17.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析 考查定语从句。句意:中国农业部发现，从2005年到2011年，化肥使用量下降 7 770万吨，在

24、2005年政府启动土壤检测项LI,此项LI向农民提供特定的化肥建议。分析 句子可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词表示物,关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用that或者 which o18.Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.解析考查定语从句。句意:许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便 宜，他们自己做饭的次数就会比在自己的国家少得多。先行词指人,关系词在定语从句中 作主

25、语，故用who或thato19.Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same startine line.解析考查定语从句。句意:无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家处在同一起跑线上 的领域。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词area,在从句中作地点状语。故填where。20.The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions解析 考查定语从句。句意

26、:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵 感。分析句子结构可知，先行词为problems,指物,关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用 that/whicho21 I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise解析考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子总是制造很多噪音。 根据句意和结构可知，设空处引导定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作定语，故使用关系代词 whose o22.Some experts think reading is Hie fundamental skill upon whi

27、ch school education depends解析 考查定语从句。句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育依靠的基本技能。depend upon二depend on依幕，依赖。结合句意及句子结构可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”结构，先行 词the fundamental skill指物,故用关系代词which=23.Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.解析考查定语从句。句意:创造一种使员工感到是团队的一部分的氛围是一个很大 的挑战。分析句子可知此处为“介词+关系代词”结构

28、,先行词an atmosphere指物，故填 which o24.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.解析考查定语从句。句意:这家公司的老板正在努力创造一种舒适的氛围,在这种 氛围中他的员工能够享受工作。分析句子可知，从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，故应选择关 系副词，先行词是atmosphere,是抽象的地点，故填whereo25.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always l

29、onging for the time when he should be able to be independent.解析考查定语从句。句意:作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼着自己能独立的 时刻。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，从句中不缺主语、宾语和表语，山此判断用关 系副词，而先行词the time表示的是时间，故用关系副词when。同义句转换26.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.-Tliere was

30、 a time at which people may have felt awkwaid about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.27.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper who hes on a first-name basis with if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.He likes that he can sit and check

31、liis phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.UNIT 2 WILDLIFE PROTECTION现在进行时的被动语态一、 现在进行时的被动语态的含义现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是 动作的承受者。二、 现在进行时的被动语态的构成【观察】Some trees in the park are being cut down.公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。The

32、 engineer is not being treated fairly. U前这位工程师没有被公平地对待。Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse?这些婴儿正在被这个护士照顾吗？Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest?为了 即将到来的英语演讲比赛, 谁正在被培训？【归纳】1 肯定式:主语+am/is/are+being done ;2.否定式:主语+am/is/are+not being done ;3.一般疑问式: Am/Is/Are+上语+being done ;4.特殊疑问式: 特殊疑问词+am/is/are（+主语）+being done 。