学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练.docx

1、学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练2019-2020学年度高三英语一轮复习阅读理解主旨大意专练 A Humans have launched themselves into the outer space. Theyve landed on the moon. Theyve built habitable space stations that orbit the Earth. The next giant leap for mankind is to reach another planet specifically, Mars. The problem is that its no

2、 easy task. The planet is 586 times further away from the Earth than the moon, and itll take around 180 to 220 days to reach Mars, depending on where each planet is in its orbit. Such long periods in space have suggested many potential health problems, including hormonal changes, skin conditions, an

3、d muscle and bone deterioration (损耗). Heres where some furry friends come in. A wide range of animals have been in space, from fruit flies and spiders to cats, and dogs. Such experiments began as far back as the late 1940s in first tests to see if living things could withstand the extreme g-force (重

4、力) of a rocket launch. Mice continue to play a very important part in space experiments, mainly because the animals make excellent test subjects. Theyre small, which makes them inexpensive and easy to care for. In addition, their size and short life span make it possible to do the equivalent of seve

5、ral human years of tests in a much shorter time. Finally, because mice are mammals, they share many common characteristics with humans in terms of genetics, biology and behavior. Astromice have hit the headlines recently, as a team of scientists led by Betty Nusgens, professor of biology at the Univ

6、ersity of Liege in Belgium, found that the mice suffered a 15 percent thinning of their skin after 91 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This experiment was part of a wider NASA mission (任务) called the Mice Drawer System (MDS). The Italian Space Agency developed the facility, which a

7、llows six mice to be housed, monitored, and automatically fed and watered aboard the ISS, among which three survived during the mission. The mice have participated in 20 separate experiments, to study such effects as osteoporosis (骨质疏松症), anemia (贫血) and heart health. Results for the 20 experiments

8、are coming in gradually. But its clear that mice continue to play an important role in the ongoing quest to conquer the final frontier. （1）We can infer from Paragraphs 2-3 that _. A.Mars is the farthest planet away from Earth discovered so farB.animals that have been sent into space have mostly surv

9、ivedC.it was in the late 1940s that animals were first sent to the ISSD.the journey to Mars could put humans health at risk（2）The underlined word “withstand” in Para.3 means _. A.set upB.come acrossC.work outD.hold up（3）According to Betty Nusgens and her team, the mice aboard the ISS _. A.all surviv

10、ed for the duration(期间) of the missionB.suffered the loss of part of their skinC.were fed and watered by the astronautsD.participated in 20 experiments that made great breakthroughs（4）The main purpose of the article is to _. A.analyze how mice could pave the way to MarsB.report on the results of the

11、 Mice Drawer SystemC.describe the role mice play in scientific researchD.change peoples traditional attitudes toward miceB Dictionaries are not closed books. There is still plenty of room for more words in these great vocabulary authorities. Dictionaries are not closed books. There is still plenty o

12、f room for more words in these great vocabulary authorities. New words are continually being created and added to our language. And many of todays word experts can credit a famous mathematician with the creation of the method by which they develop many new words. The mathematician was an Englishman

13、named Charles L. Dodgson. In addition to working with figures, Dodgson wrote books. His imaginative stories and poems have made Dodgson beloved to generations of readers. We know him, however, not by the name of Dodgson but by his pen name, Lewis Carroll. Lewis Carroll has delighted countless reader

14、s, young and old, with Alice in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass, and numerous poems. In these works, Carroll developed dozens of nonsensical words such as chortle and galumph. Many of these words are combined naturally with more common words in the English language. Carroll referred to his mad

15、e-up words as portmanteau words, named after a kind of leather suitcase that opens into two compartments. The name was well suited, because most of Carrolls words had two compartments. Rather than being entirely fabricated（虚构）, they were usually made from the combined parts of two different words. A

16、 snark, for example, clearly came from a snake and a shark. Although Carroll died long ago, his technique continues to be used today. We clearly see his influence in such words as smog, brunch, and guesstimate.（1）What does the underlined sentence probably mean according to the passage?A.Dictionaries

17、 are open to the public.B.Dictionaries are helpful to the public.C.Dictionaries are ready to welcome new words.D.The vocabularies in dictionaries are limited.（2）Dodgsons made-up words _.A.are based on different wordsB.are borrowed from other languagesC.all come from his poemsD.are still widely used（

18、3）This passage is mainly about _.A.how Dodgson wrote his worksB.how English words are createdC.how a dictionary is writtenD.how Dodgson created new wordsC Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie wit

19、h their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird

20、 called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the hurt adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another

21、 kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere els

22、e. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They dont make nests（鸟巢）. Instead, they get into other birds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also b

23、e sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find

24、 food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps dont hear them, and they dont need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying You c

25、ant fool Mother Nature. But maybe you cant trust her,either.（1）A plover protects its young from a predator by_.A.getting closer to its youngB.driving away the adult predatorC.leaving its young in another nestD.pretending to be injured（2）By Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky (paragraph 5), th

26、e author means_.A.chimps are ready to attack othersB.chimps are sometimes dishonestC.chimps are jealous of the winnersD.chimps can be selfish too（3）Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B.The losing chimp won the fight by

27、taking the winners hand.C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Do animals lie?B.Does Mother Nature fool animals?C.How do animals learn to lie?D.How does honesty h

28、elp animals survive?D I suspect that the most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our attention, and especially if its given from the heart. When people are talking, theres no need to do anything but listen to

29、them. Just take them Just listen to what theyre saying and care about it. Most times caring about it is even more important than understanding it. Most of us dont value ourselves or our love enough to know this. It has taken me a long time to believe in the power of the simply saying “Im so sorry” w

30、hen someone is in pain, and meaning it. One of my patients told me that when she tried to tell her story, people often interrupted to tell her that they had once had something just like that happen to them. Eventually she stopped talking to most people. She was just too lonely. We connect through listening. When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand, we move the focus of attention to ourselves. When we listen, they know that we care. Many people with cancer can talk about the relief of havin