高三英语一轮复习 模块九第三单元.docx

1、高三英语一轮复习 模块九第三单元一、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。从属连词that：在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，有时可以省略从属连词if, whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，有意义，不可以省略连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略连接副词where, when, why, how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略一、主语从句.

2、由从属连词引导的主语从句：Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss. 那个国家是否应该建立核电站That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播.由连接代词引导的主语从句：What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是Whichever book you choose doesnt matter to me.无论你选哪本书.由连接副词引导的主语从句：When the plan

3、e is to take off hasnt been announced.飞机什么时候起飞How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少4.关于形式主语 it It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that有必要 It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that很明显 It is likely that.很可能It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that

4、众所周知It has been decided that已决定 It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that事实是 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。 It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 二、表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, r

5、emain, seem 等。The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病The question remains whether we can win the game.我们是否能赢得这次比赛 值得注意的是：1. 表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if ，as though引导. It looks as if it is going to rain. 好象要下雨了。2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The rea

6、son whyis that (而不用 because)It ( This, That ) is becauseThe reason why he was dismissed is that he didnt work hard. 他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。三、同位语从句 同位语从句一般由 that, whether 等连词引导，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, sugge

7、stion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。l. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陆月球.2. I have no idea when he will be back. 什么时候回来3. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen illMary也许病了四、宾语从句 宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。1.及物动词后的宾语从句：She will give whoever needs

8、 help a warm support任何需要帮助的人I wonder why she refused my invitation她为什么拒绝了我的邀请2.介词后的宾语从句：I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老师对他所说的话很满意。3.某些形容词后的宾语从句：I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through h

9、ard work.通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.他没有告别就走了4.非谓语动词后的宾语从句：Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing. 5.关于形式宾语itWe must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. I find it necessary

10、 that we should ask him for his advice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。 五、名词性从句重难点1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：Can you make sure _the gold ring ？（MET90）A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put2. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。Do

11、 you doubt that he will win ? I dont doubt that your proposition is wrong . 3. 否定转移问题。将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。We dont expect he will come tonight , will he ? 注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能

12、转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 4. 主谓一致问题。What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the worldWhat I bought were three English books5.

13、语气问题 在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构I suggest we (should) set off at once. 我建议我们应该立刻出发。 在It is 过去分词that的主语从句中 decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requeste

14、d， required等。 It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening 在表语从句或同位语从句中 The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone 在It is（was）形容词that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should ）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。 I

15、t is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language（上海1993） A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 6.What引导名词从句的特殊含义:What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality(what为“所的事”，相当于“the thing that；all that；everything that”)After _ seemed a very long time，I open

16、ed my eye and found myself in bed（M ET93） A.what B.when C.that D.which (what相当于“the time that”，表示“时间”)He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？(what表示“的人”，相当于“the person that”)What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world(what表示“的地方”，相当于“the

17、 place that”)Our income is now double what it was ten years ago(what表示“的数目”，相当于“the amount number that”)7.不可省略的连词：介词后的连词不可省略如：Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略如：That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。We heard the news th

18、at our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 8.比较：whether 与 if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：whether 引导主语从句在句首 Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me .引导表语从句 His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。引导同位语从句 Answer my question whether you are coming.回答我你是否来的问题。whether 从句作介词宾语

19、 I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .我担心是否伤了她的感情。与or not连在一起 I dont know whether or not he is going to Japan.我不知道他是否去日本。大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it 充当形式主语。例如： It is not important who will go. 谁去，这不重要。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。二、状语从句状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起

20、连词作用的词组引导。1.时间状语从句由下列连词引导：when, while , as, before, after, once, till, until, once, as soon as, now that, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next

21、 time, the last time等注意点如下： 1)when, while, as引导的时间状语从句as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.在街上走时，碰到一位老朋友when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时

22、发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)When we arrived there, the film had already begun.(先后发生)While强调一段时间里，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud wh

23、ile/when others are working. 其他人工作时请不要大声讲话。He fell asleep while/when reading. 读书时他睡着了。While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁”)as表示主从句动作同时发生，所以常译作一边一边。John sings as he works.当When引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主

24、语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用 as 引导的省略句来代替。When he was a young man (= As a young man ) he was fond of hunting.2.原因状语从句 由下列连词引导：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于-)。下面几点值得注意：1) because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。如You shouldnt get angry just because some peo

25、ple speak ill of you.He failed because he was careless. 他因粗心而失败了。because引导的从句可以被强调：It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL2) since引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。Since/ Now that no one is against it ,lets carry ou

26、t the plan.As all the seats were full, he stood there. 所有的座位都满了他只好站那儿。3) for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表推测的理由。The day was short, for it was December.She must have cried for her eyes are red. 她一定哭过了，她眼睛红的。 3.地点状语从句 由下列连词引导:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。Y

27、ou are free to go wherever you like. 你可以去你想要去的任何地方。Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome. 无论他走到哪儿，都收到热烈欢迎。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。4.结果状语从句 由下列连词引导：that，sothat，suchthat，so that等。注意以下几种结构：1).so+adj/adv+that 2).such(a/an+adj)+n+that3).so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that 4).so

28、many/much/few/little(少)+n+that5)such +(adj) +n (u /pl )+ that He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him. 他说的如此的快，我跟不上他。It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming天气好，我们大家都去游泳了。So或such置于句首时，主句常倒装。It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming .Such a lo

29、vely day was it that we all went swimming.注意以上结构与定语从句so/suchas的区别。This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it. This is such an interesting/so interesting a film as everyone wants to see. 5.目的状语从句由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。（注：so that也可用

30、来引导结果状语从句） so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后，in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。We set out early so that we could see the sunrise. 我们很早出发以便能看到日出He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time. 他空邮这份信的以便他们能按时收到。 for fear that, in case 引导的目的状语从句谓语动词要用s

31、hould do 它们本身带有否定意义，相当于so that-not, in order that-notWe hid behind the bushes in case /for fear that passers-by should see us. 我们躲在丛林中以防过路人看见。Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. 明天请再次提醒我以防我忘了。6.条件状语从句 分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。由下列连词引导：if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing(that),provided(that),given(that),in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。(1)Unless=if not You will