专业英语.docx

1、专业英语一、1vehicle n交通工具，车辆2engine n发动机3cylinder n气缸，圆筒，圆柱体4combustion n燃烧5piston n机活塞6crankshaft n机曲轴7ignition n点火，点燃8intake n入口，进口9starter n起动器10clockwise aaj顺时针方向的adv顺时针方向地11vacuum n真空，a真空的12gasoline n汽油13manifold n进、排气歧管14stroke n冲程，行程15charge n充气，装料16cycle n周期，循环17spark n火花18revolution n旋转，转数19over

2、lap v(与)交迭20arrangement n排列，安排21component n成分，部件，零件，元件22inertia n惯性，惯量23airflow n气流24blower n送风机，吹风机25flywheel n飞轮26bank n一系列，一排27.shroud n遮蔽物，覆盖物1self-contain自备的2internal combustion(IC)engine内燃机3air-fuel mixture空气燃油混合物(可燃混合气)4intake stroke进气行程5top dead center(TDC) 上止点6connecting rod连杆7. atmospheric

3、 pressure大气压力8. spark plug火花塞9combustion chamber燃烧室10result in导致11compression stroke压缩行程12power stroke作功行程13exhaust valve排气门14intake valve进气门15rocker arm摇臂16pushrod推杆17two banks of两排Notes to Text1The engine is a self-contained power unit which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy

4、for moving the vehicle 发动机是个自备动力的装置，将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用于驱动车辆。 which converts引导定语从句。2The“cycle”as in two or four，of an internal combustion piston engine is defined by how many strokes of different direction must be accomplished to complete one cycle of combustion在四冲程或二冲程活塞式内燃机里，用一个燃烧周期内所完成的方向各异的行程数目来定义发动机

5、的循环。3The drawing of an airfuel charge into the cylinder in this manner，during the downward movement of the piston，constitutes the intake stroke of the piston当活塞向下运动时，可燃混合气以这样的方式被吸人气缸，这就成为了活塞的进气行程。 during the downward movement of the piston作时间状语从句。4As the piston reaches TDC again during its upward tr

6、avel，the compression stroke of the piston is over；the crankshaft has rotated 360 degrees from its starting point当活寒向上运动时，重新到达上止点，压缩行程终了；从起始点算起，曲轴已经转过了360度。5.This tremendous force pushes the piston downward on the power stroke，causing the connecting-rod to rotate the cranskshaft. 巨大的气体压力推动活塞在作功行程时向下运

7、动，致使连杆转动曲轴。 cansing the connecting rod to rotate the crankshaft是现在分词作结果状语从句。6.This remaining pressurizedgas flows comparatively freely from the cylinder through the passage(port)opened by the exhaust valve 剩余的带压气体相对顺畅地从被排气门打开的排气道中排出。7To keep the crankshaft turning smoothly between successive power s

8、trokes，a heavy wheeltheflywheel，is attached to the end of the crankshaft为了使曲轴在两个连续的作功行程间平稳地转动，将一个重的轮子一飞轮，安装在曲轴的末端。8For identification purposes，manufacturers classify automobile engines by their cylinder arrangement，valve arrangement，and type of system used to cool the engine为便于区分，厂商将汽车发动机按发动机排列、气门排列

9、以及发动机的冷却系统的类型进行分类。 for identification purposes作目的状语。9Most people refer to this engine design as a flathead because the cylinder head itself is somewhat flat，containing only the combustion chambers，spark plugs opening，and water jackets由于气门倒置式发动机的气缸盖稍微有点平坦，所以多数人将这种设计的发动机称为是平头发动机。它的气缸盖仅仅包含燃烧室、火花塞孔和水套。

10、containing only the combustion chambers，spark plugs，and water jackets是现在分词作伴随状语。l 0To compensate for inertia on valvetrain components，many manufacturers install the carrrhaft above the cylinder head，over or to one side of the valves为减小作用在气门机构上的惯性，很多厂商将凸轮轴安装在气缸盖上，处于气门的上端或一侧。11With this system，the eng

11、ine has the water jackein the block and head，which surround thecylinders and combustion chambers and through which coolant cireulates freelv在水冷式发动机上，水套在发动机气缸体和气缸盖内，水套围绕着气缸和燃烧室，并且，冷却液在水套内自由循环流动。 which引导的定语从句修饰the water iackets。二、1framework n构架，框架，结构2foundation n基础，根本3nickel n化镍4chromium n铬5aluminum n

12、化铝6cast n铸件v浇铸7cylinder n气缸8piston n机活塞9crankshaft n曲轴10sleeve n套管，轴套，衬套，缸套11coolant n冷冻剂，冷却液，散热剂12radiator n散热器，水箱13bore n枪膛，孔v钻孔14camshaft n机械凸轮轴1 5accommodate vt供给，容纳16attach vt系上，贴上，使依附17crankcase n机曲轴箱18chain n链(条)19flywheel n飞轮20clamp n夹子，夹具，夹钳vt夹住21bolt n螺钉，v用螺栓紧固22reciprocating adj往复的23circu

13、mference n圆周，周围24seizure n卡死，卡住，咬住25slap vt拍，拍击n拍26tilt v(使)倾斜，翘起27expansion n扩充，膨胀28acute a敏锐的，剧烈的29slot n缝，狭槽30dam n水坝，障碍31blowby n窜气32sprocket n链轮齿33crankpin n曲柄销34flange n边缘，轮缘，凸缘35inertia n惯性，惯量36untwist n拆开，解开37OSCillate v振荡1.gray iron灰口铁2Engine Block发动机气缸体3Connecting Rod连杆4water jacket机水套5tim

14、ing gear正时齿轮6fuel pump燃油泵7cylinder head气缸盖8combustion chamber 燃烧室9pistonclearance活塞间隙10piston ring活塞环1 1compression ring气环12oil control ring油环13.vibration damper振动减振器14.torsional vibration扭转振动Notes to Text 1The engine block forms the main framework，or foundation，of the engine 发动机气缸体组成了发动机的主要框架或基础。 2

15、The water jackets are open spaces between the inner and outer surfaces of the block and cylinders through which the coolant flows 发动机气缸体的内表面和气缸的外表面之间的空腔，称为水套，冷却液在水套内流动。 through which the coolant flows是定语从句，修饰the water jackets。也可将介词through放置于flows之后。因为关系代词作介词补足成分时，在正式语体中介词通常前置，这是不管在限定性或非限定性关系分句中都用who

16、m指人，which指物。 又如：Jame Russell is a mall for whom I have the greatest respect It is a tribute inwhthe Britishspeaking peoples can share irrespective of party or class 在非正式语体中，通常介词后置，可用whothat指人，that指物，或都省略。 例如：They are the boys(who)(that)I went to school with The case(that)you are referring to is now

17、closed 3The cylinder head is bolted to a very fiat surface above the cylinder portion of the block 气缸盖用螺栓固定在发动机气缸体的平直表面上，气缸盖位于气缸上方。 above the cylinder portion of the blok作地点状语。 4The piston is a movable part or plug that receives the pressure from the burning airfuel mixture and conveys this pressure

18、 into reciprocating(upanddown)motion 活塞是可动部件，它承受可燃混合气燃烧时产生的压力，并将此力转变成活塞的上下往复运动。 5Piston clearance jS the distance between the outer circumference ofthe piston and the cylinder wall itself 活塞间隙是指活塞外圆表面与气缸壁之间的距离。 6Consequently，pistons have machined grooves，which accommodate piston rings used to provid

19、e the necessary seal to eliminate blowby and to control oil consumption 从而，在活塞上加工出环槽，环槽容纳活塞环，活塞环用于保证活塞与气缸壁间必要的密封，防止发动机窜气和减小发动机机油消耗。 wich引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词grooves。 used to provide是过去分词作后置定语，也可理解为其前面省略了which are。 7The connecting md itself attaches at one end to the piston and on the other end to the cra

20、nkpin section of the crankshaft 连杆一头与活塞相连，另一头与曲轴的曲柄销相连。 8In order to perform these functionsthe crankshaft must possess considerable mechanicalstrength，but it also must have a design that permits it to operate in balance为了保证这些功能，要求曲轴必须具有足够的机械强度，同时在设计上要求曲轴运转平衡。 9In addition，the rear surface of the fl

21、ywheel serves as the driving member of the clutch assembly on vehicles SO equipped 另外，在这样安装飞轮的车辆上，飞轮的后端用作离合器总成的驱动件。 10This twistuntwist tendency rcpeated with every power stroke Call set up till oscillating nlotiotl in the crankshaft，known commonly as torsional vibration 对应于每个作功行程的曲轴重复扭曲和反向扭曲运动，形成了曲

22、轴的扭转摆动，这就是曲轴的扭转振动。三、11ifter n(气门)挺杆2cam n凸轮3component n部分，部件，零件，元件4timing v正时，计时，测时3clearance n(气门)间隙6plunger n(液压)挺杆柱塞7cavity n空穴，腔8replenish v补充9beneath adv在之下prep在之下10compensate v补偿11guide n(气门)导杆12chromium n化铬13nickel n化镍14manganese n化锰15silicone n化硅树脂16molybdenum n化钼17melt V(使)熔化18camshaft n机械凸

23、轮轴19eccentric n偏心轮20sprocket n链轮齿21chain n链(条)22ramp n凸轮缓冲段，斜面23curvature n弯曲，曲率241ever n杆，杠杆，控制杆25duration n持续时间，为期26overlap v(与)交迭27peak n最高峰28inertia n惯性，惯量29mesh vt啮合，相啮合30alter v改变1.valve train气门系统2valve stem气门杆3rockerarm气门摇臂4valve tip气门顶端5cam lobe凸轮凸起部，凸轮工作部分6due to由于，应归于7checkvalve止回阀，单向阀8bal

24、l-check valve球止回阀9.sodium-cooledvalve钠冷气门10dispose of处理，解决1 1ignition distributor点火分电器12gear ratio传动比13cam contour凸轮轮廓，凸轮型线14push rod气门推杆15.valve duration气门开放期Notes to Text1.The 1ifter may be in direct contact with the tip of the valve stem，or it may bear against a pust md that ihnctions along with

25、a rocker-ann assembly to open a valve 气门挺杆可以直接和气门杆顶端接触，或者带动推杆，使得推杆与摇臂总成开启气门。2A mechanical lifter，sometimes known as a tappet or cam follower，operates on a camlobe，shaped to compensate for a given elearance in the valve trail3 when the valve closes 机械挺杆(有些时候也称挺杆或凸轮随动件)靠凸轮工作部分而运动，凸轮工作部分的形状可以补偿气门在关闭时气门

26、系统预留的气门间隙。 sometimes known as a tappet or cam follower作插入语成分，或理解为省略了which is的非限定性定语从句。 when thevlve closes是时间状语从句。3In other words，the hydraulic lifter adjusts itself to compensate for variations due to wear in thesystem or temperature changes；consequently，the lifter requires no adjustment in normal

27、service 换句话说，液压挺杆通过自身调整来补偿由于气门系统的磨损或温度改变而造成的气门间隙变化，因此，在正常维修时候，液压挺杆无须调整。4As thecam nose moves under the lifter，the pressure of the valve spring attempts to force the四、1combustible adj易燃的，可燃的2carburetor n化油器，汽化器3altitude n(海拔)高度4capacity n容量，能力5compromise n妥协，折衷6expansion n扩充，膨胀7fib n肋状物，加强筋8weld vt焊接

28、9baffle n障板，阻板，隔板10slosh v溅，泼1 1contraction n收缩，紧缩12conjunction n联合，关联13sediment n沉淀物，沉渣，沉积物14dash n.少量(搀加物) vt泼溅，使猛撞15thermostatic adj温度调节装置的16diaphragm n横隔膜，隔膜片17eccentric n偏心的机构18.entrance n入口，门口19.throwaway n.使用后抛弃的20.throat n.喉口，口子，窄道21mandatory adj命令的，强制的22.supplement n补充v补充 23.lagn.落后，迟延vi.滞后

29、24.hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇 25.stumblev.绊倒蹒跚，踌躇26enrichment n加浓 27prematurely adv.过早地，早熟地 28venturi n喉管，喉道1.fuel tank燃油箱2fueI filter燃油滤清器3fuel pump燃油泵4fuel line油管5fuel supply system燃油供给系6regardless of不管，不顾7.corrosion-resistant防腐性的8Ventilation system通风系统9.vapor lock气阻，气塞10.float chamber浮子室11.idle system怠速系

30、统 12main metering system 主计量系统13pump system 油泵系统14.choke system 阻风门系统15main nozzle主喷管16.mainjet 主量孔17.main well (化油器)主油井1The purpose of the supply system is to store and then to supply a clean，continuos，and adequate amount of fuel under sufficient pressure to the carburetor 燃油供给系的作用是存储燃油，然后在足够的压力下将清洁的、连续的、足够的燃油输送到化油器。2The exposed half-section is usuall